高屏地區中老年人參與法式滾球影響自我效能與人際關係之研究

Abstract

本研究之目的在瞭解高屏地區中老年人參與法式滾球之現況，以及參與後影響自我效能及人際關係上的差異性，因法式滾球為國內新興運動，參與者大多集中於高屏地區。研究對象以年齡為45歲以上曾參與法式滾球之高屏地區中老年人，以問卷調查法為主，訪談為輔，測量工具為「參與法式滾球行為量表」、「自我效能量表」及「人際關係量表」，採立意抽樣方式，總計發出362份問卷，回收339份，有效問卷數為327份，有效問卷回收率為96.46%。調查所得資料以統計套裝軟體SPSS 20.0 中文版執行，採用描述性統計、獨立樣本T考驗、單因子變異數分析，藉由問卷調查與訪談方式歸納研究結果發現如下： 高屏地區中老年人在參與動機上，以運動健身最多，參與年資上，男性以5年以上最多，女性以3年最多；在每週參與活動次數上，男性以2次，女性以3次最多；在每年參與比賽次數，男性以6次以上最多，女性以3次最多；包含訪談分析，都顯示高屏地區中老年人在參與法式滾球的活動或比賽具有高度參與度。 不同年齡、教育程度、職業狀況對高屏地區參與法式滾球之中老年人在自我效能與人際關係有所提升；在參與法式滾球的活動或比賽有助於中老年人在整體自我效能提升，也助於人際關係的層陎上提升，尤其是年長者比中年人更顯著，加上訪談四位參與法式滾球之高屏地區中老年人，整理出核心主題，中老年人參與法式滾球對於其自我效能及人際關係都有正向的影響。 研究者據此研究發現提出相關建議，高屏地區中老年人可參與法式滾球課程來提升自我效能與人際關係，政府與相關機構應推廣法式滾球，以法式滾球課程來促進自我信心、拓展其人際關係，以作為高屏地區中老年人、相關機構與人員之參考。

The main purposes of this study were to understand the current situation of the middle-aged and the elderly playing Pétanque in Kaohsiung-Pingtung area, and the differences of effects on self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships after participating,. Because Pétanque is new domestic sports sport, the participants are mostly concentrated in the Kaohsiung-Pingtung area. Subjects were among aged 45 years of the middle-aged and the elderly people playing Pétanque in Kaohsiung-Pingtung area, this research based on questionnaires, supplemented by interviews. Measuring tools were " participation of Pétanque behavior Scale ", "self-efficacy Scale" and "interpersonal relationships Scale ", used purposively sampling method, total send out 350 surveys, retrieved 341, effective surveys were 327, the response rate of effective surveys was 96.46%. Survey data is using descriptive statistics, independent sample T-test, one way ANOVA statistical methods analysis by SPSS 20.0, through questionnaires and interviews are summarized study results showed that: The middle-aged and the elderly in Kaohsiung-Pingtung area about motivation up to sports and fitness; participation in seniority, the men up to five years, while women up to three years; participation activity in several times a week, the male to 2 ,female to 3 times up; Participation race in several times a year, men up to six times more, and women up to three times; including the analysis of the interviews are shown in the middle-aged and the elderly participating Pétanque in Kaohsiung and Pingtung area activities or competitions are highly participation. Difference of age, educational level, occupational status about Pétanque participation on the Kaohsiung-Pingtung area among the middle-aged and the elderly have improved self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships; Pétanque participating in an activity or game to help the middle-aged and the elderly to enhance the overall self-efficacy, but also help to enhance the level of interpersonal relationships, especially the elderly more significant than the middle-aged, plus interviews with four the middle-aged and the elderly of participating Pétanque, sorting out the core themes of the middle-aged and the elderly that participate Pétanque for their self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships have a positive impact. According to study, the researcher found related recommendations that, the middle-aged and the elderly in Kaohsiung-Pingtung area could involve in Pétanque programs to enhance self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships, the Government and relevant agencies should popularize Pétanque programs, used Pétanque programs as promotion of self-confidence, reducing social welfare spending, that refers to the middle-aged and the elderly in Kaohsiung-Pingtung area, the relevant institutions and personnel for suggestions.