緬甸學生與赴臺緬甸僑生之環境典範比較研究

Abstract

本研究從環境典範的概念出發，透過Dunlap提出的新環境典範量表（New Ecological Paradigm Scale），針對緬甸與臺灣進行跨國比較，去了解在緬甸受教育的學生與到臺求學的緬甸學生對環境的態度。因此，本研究希望可以從現今（1）在學的緬甸高中生、（2）在緬甸讀書的大學生、（3）來臺求學的在校緬甸僑生進行問卷調查研究與訪談，以了解這三類型的緬甸學生對新環境典範的態度，同時，研究者也好奇這些學生會不會因為求學時期的社會背景而產生不同的環境價值觀？赴臺求學的緬甸僑生與緬甸大學生對環境的態度與看法為何？赴臺求學後的觀念有無轉變？為何轉變？這些轉變是否有值得緬甸借鏡與參考之處？ 本研究採用問卷調查法以及隨機取樣、便利性取樣，以（1）在學的緬甸高中生、（2）在緬甸讀書的大學生、（3）來臺求學的在校緬甸僑生進行問卷調查研究。研究者已於2017年11月30日至12月14日（兩個星期），分別在緬甸前首都－仰光（Yangon）、撣邦首府—東芝（Taunggyi）、克欽邦首府—密支那（Myitkyina），分別發放47份（隨機發放）、45份（立意取樣）、177份問卷（立意取樣），總計發放269份問卷。同時也於2019年10月26日，在國立臺灣師範大學僑生先修部的國際文化日，隨機發放50份問卷。再來，為了得到更細膩的資料，研究者訪談6位大學生（3位緬甸大學生、3位來臺求學的緬甸僑生），訪談方式為半結構式的深度訪談。 質性研究結果顯示，可以發現赴臺求學的緬甸大學生環境意識較強，三位受訪者皆在質性訪談中處處顯現來臺後對自己家鄉浪費資源行為的反思、環境行為的轉變、對自然資源開發傾向有極限、無法人定勝天、傾向新環境典範；而緬甸大學生雖然都支持環境保護的概念，但在人類是否為萬物之靈這一主題上，則傾向人類具有能主宰動物的權利、地球的人口尚未達到極限。 臺灣的環境教育是搭配政策與教育循序漸進。緬甸新政府方才起步便以「12點經濟政策」為目標，尤其第9點更可看出新政府保護環境的決心。「典範」不是一時三刻便可形成，它是經過日積月累的浸潤而得，研究者盼能藉此研究，釐清赴臺緬甸生與未赴臺緬甸生的環境典範差異與緬甸高中生的環境典範觀，藉此強化或修正緬甸的教育策略和方針，對新政府所倡議的12點經濟政策（12-point economic policy）的推動能更有幫助。

This study starts from the concept of environmental paradigm. This study used the revised New Ecological Paradigm（ NEP） scale constructed by Dunlap et al. in 2000. Through this research, we aim to compare between Myanmar and Taiwan to understand the environmental attitude of students educated in Myanmar and Myanmar students studying in Taiwan. Hence, this study hopes to conduct questionnaire research and interviews from （1） Myanmar high school students, （2） college students studying in Myanmar, and （3） Myanmar students studying in Taiwan to understand the environmental attitude. At the same time, researchers are also curious whether these students will have different environmental values due to their social background during their studies. What are the attitudes and views in Myanmar students and those studying in Taiwan? Has the concept changed after going to Taiwan? Why change? Are these changes worthy of reference and draw lesson from Myanmar? In this study, 47 (randomly distributed), 45 (intentional sampling), and 177 questionnaires were distributed in the former capital of Myanmar (Yangon), the capital of Shan State (Taunggyi), and the capital of Kachin State (Myitkyina). Sampling), a total of 269 questionnaires were distributed. At the same time, 50 questionnaires were randomly distributed on the International Cultural Day of the Overseas Chinese Preparatory Department of National Taiwan Normal University. Next, in order to obtain more detailed information, the researcher interviewed 6 college students in a semi-structured in-depth interview. The qualitative research results show that Myanmar university students who went to Taiwan to study have a strong environmental awareness. All three interviewees showed in qualitative interviews that they reflected on their hometown’s waste of resources, changes in environmental behavior, and The development of natural resources tends to have limits, there is no man’s ability to conquer the sky, and new environmental paradigms. Although Myanmar university students support the concept of environmental protection, they tend to have the right to dominate animals and the earth on the subject of whether humans are the spirit of all things. The population has not yet reached its limit.