等張式肌力訓練的量化研究-以下肢股四頭肌為例

Abstract

傳統肌力測量方法為使用等張式重量訓練器材進行最大一次反覆肌力測量，卻有測量結果不精確以及測量過程不簡便等缺點。本研究目的為建立一套量化式股四頭肌等張訓練系統，並探討股四頭肌最大等長肌力與最大一次反覆肌力之間的關係，以及建立相對最大等長肌力百分比與最大反覆次數的迴歸公式，並且探討重量訓練處方的訓練量與實際運動所產生之機械功間的關係。研究方法是利用張力計、超音波測距計以及計次器，收集14位健康大專男學生進行股四頭肌肌力測量的力量、位移以及反覆次數等資料；統計以一次簡單迴歸分析、相依樣本t考驗以及皮爾遜積差相關進行分析。研究結果與結論：(一)股四頭肌最大等長肌力與最大一次反覆肌力之間雖然沒有顯著相關，但是P值非常接近顯著水準（r=0.49，P=.07），而兩者之間沒有顯著差異（P=.71）；(二)相對最大等長肌力百分比與反覆次數的迴歸公式為Y=36.30-40.19X，其中Y為反覆次數、X為負荷強度；(三)訓練量與機械功的關係，在負荷強度較高時(90-70%MVIC)有顯著相關，然而負荷強度較低時(60-40%MVIC)，卻沒有顯著相關。因此，最大等長肌力可以取代最大一次反覆肌力，並且可依測量結果設計重量訓練處方。另外，建議從事重量訓練時，應測量肌肉收縮產生的機械功，以有效監控實際訓練量。

Traditional muscle strength measurement is using the isotonic weight training equipments to test the one repetition maximum (1RM). However, the outcome of this method is not precise and the test processes are complicated. Thus, the purposes of current research were to establish a quantitative isotonic muscle training system, investigate the relationship between maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and one repetition maximum (1RM) of quadriceps femoris, investigate the relationship between %MVIC and repetitions when using MVIC as reference, and determine the correlation between measured mechanical work and prescribed training volume. The subjects of this study included 14 healthy male university students (mean age=20.21) who were instructed to perform leg extension on an isotonic weight training machine. One strain gauge, a displacement sensor and a counter switch were used to collect force, displacement and repetitions data. The selected parameters were tested by the paired t-test, liner regression and Pearson product-moment correlation. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. According to the results, we concluded that: (1)There was no significant correlation between MVIC and 1RM of quadriceps femoris but the P value was close to .05 (P=.07). Further more, the difference between between MVIC and 1RM of quadriceps Femoris was not significant, either. It indicated that MVIC could be used to measure the strength of quadriceps femoris. (2)When using MVIC as reference, the %MVIC and repetitions produced a regression equationas Y=36.30-40.19X (P=.00) with Y presenting the repetition and X as load. The result showed that when using MVIC as reference, the repetitions of %MVIC can be predicted. In addition, the predicted repetitions can be used to design a weight training prescription. (3)At high levels of training load (90-70%MVIC), the correlation between measured mechanical work and prescribed training volume were significant (P=.00). However, the significant correlations were not discovered in low MVIC levels (40-60%) Therefore, we concluded that the prescribed training volume can not present the real mechanical work produced by the contracting muscles when performing weight training at low level of training load and suggested that the mechanical work should be measured.