閒置空間於文創園區改造模式之建構與應用

Abstract

在當下全球化城市有機更新發展中文化創意產業對其有助推作用，其中文創園區的規劃扮演了世界各國城市特色創意再生的重要角色。基於此背景下的閒置空間再利用於文創園區的研究則通過工業遺址閒置空間中的歷史建築、區域型態和文脈價值進行再活化，從而營造城市獨特美學氛圍。本研究藉由文獻整理、案例分析、專家訪談及實踐創作研究驗證，建構閒置空間於文創園區改造之新模型並應用於創作實踐以驗證。從而有效地將城市中閒置空間再利用於文創園區进行特色規劃，進一步加深城市美學營造和文化品質提升。本研究通過探討臺灣文化創意產業中閒置空間再利用於文創園區改造的發展，藉以梳理臺灣文化創意產業發展歷史脈絡，從而探討臺灣閒置空間再利用於文創園區規劃之策略，特別以臺北華山文化創意產業園區和臺中文化創意產業園區（2018年7月30日更名「文化部文化資產園區」）作為個案分析其在不同的運營模式下園區空間規劃的差異，且發現工業遺址所遺留的歷史建築轉化的閒置空間再利用於文創園區改造建設是以政策為主導下的文創園區因其不同運營模式決定了園區空間功能的規劃。同時以專家訪談法的質化研究方法進一步對研究主題進行闡述，以此建構了由政策（Policy）、經濟（Economic）、社會（Social）、技術（Technological）、文化（Culture）和教育（Education）六個維度組成的閒置空間於文化創意產業園區空間改造模式，簡稱「PESTCE」模式。本創作研究作品為基於新構築的的文創園區空間再造PESTCE模式而創作之浙江嘉興市南湖湖濱文創園區的整體空間規劃設計應用。模式不僅僅從政策、經濟、社會、技術、文化和教育六個方面深化應用，同時對創新模式延伸的SOP具體在創作過程中的實踐進行深化分析。更為重要的是將模式與設計理念的地域特色、空間型態、產業特色和設計材質四元素相融合，並有效聯動設計執行，促進六維度與空間規劃、景觀設計和建築空間設計手法共振。透過模式應用於設計理念規劃再至設計手法執行，將理論與設計實踐共創，得出本研究結論：一、官方政策主導了閒置空間於文創園區規劃：依政策而制定決策；二、運營模式決定了文創園區的空間規劃：依運營而佈局空間；三、PESTCE模式導入閒置空間於文創園區改造成效：依創新而再造典範；四、閒置空間於文創園區改造模式之實踐反饋：以實踐而共振模式。研究結果顯示文創園區空間再造PESTCE模式的應用有利於閒置空間於文創園區空間改造的整體建設及品質提升，且有效地與設計模式相互共創。因此，冀希通過本研究能作為往後學界和業界於閒置空間再利用於文創園區空間改造之參考，並能促進兩岸在文創園區的建設中合作共榮。

Cultural and creative industries could promote the organic renewal and development of the cities in the current globalized world, and particularly the planning of the cultural and creative parks plays an important role in the regeneration of creative ideas in cities worldwide. Under such a background, the reuse of the vacant space in cultural and creative parks is re-activated through the research of the historical buildings, regional types and cultural values in the unused industrial sites, so as to create a unique aesthetic atmosphere of the city. Based on the exhaustive literature review, case study, expert interviews and practical creative research, this study aims to construct a new mode of the reconstruction and transformation of the vacant spaces into cultural and creative parks and to verify its application in practice. In this way, the vacant space in the city can be effectively reused in the cultural and creative parks for special planning, and further deepen the aesthetic creation and the improvement of the cultural quality of the city.By exploring the development of the vacant space in the cultural and creative industries used in the reconstruction and transformation of cultural and creative parks in Taiwan, this study aims to straighten out the historical development of Taiwan’s cultural and creative industries, discuss the planning strategies of the reuse of vacant space in Taiwan’s cultural and creative parks, focusing particularly on Huashan Cultural and Creative Industrial Park in Taipei and Taichung Cultural and Creative Industrial Park (renamed as “Cultural Assets Park of the Ministry of Culture” on July 30, 2018) as two case studies to analyze the differences in spatial planning under different operating modes. It is found that the vacant space transformed by the historical buildings left by the industrial sites is reused for the reconstruction and construction of cultural and creative parks, which is a policy-driven planning of the spatial functions of cultural and creative parks due to their different operating modes. At the same time, the qualitative research method of expert interview is employed in further elaborating the research subject. In this way, a spatial transformation mode of the vacant space in cultural and creative industry parks is constructed, which consists of six dimensions ---policy, economy, society, technology, culture and education --- the “PESTCE” mode.This creative research work is done based on the newly constructed PESTCE mode of spatial reconstruction of cultural and creative park and is the application of the overall spatial planning and design of South Lake Cultural and Creative Park in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. The mode not only deepens the application in such six aspects of policy, economy, society, technology, culture and education, but also further analyzes the practice of SOP produced by the innovation mode in the process of creation. More importantly, the mode is integrated with such four elements as the regional characteristics, spatial patterns, industrial characteristics and design materials in terms of the design concept, and effectively ties in with the design, promoting the resonance of the six dimensions with techniques in spatial planning, landscape design and architectural space design.The application of the mode to the planning of design concept before its real implementation combines theory with design practice. Conclusions can thus be drawn as follows. Firstly, official policies have stipulated the planning of the vacant space in cultural and creative parks, which means that final decisions are made according to governmental policies. Secondly, operating modes determine the spatial planning of cultural and creative parks, which means that the layout of space is closely related to the real operation. Thirdly, the PESTCE mode is applied to the transformation of vacant space into cultural and creative parks, which means that classic designs could be made due to consistent innovation. Fourthly, feedback of the practice in the reconstruction of vacant space into cultural and creative parks holds water, which means practice results in the mode of resonance.The research findings reveal that the application of PESTCE mode of spatial reconstruction of cultural and creative parks is conducive to the overall construction and quality upgrading of the spatial transformation of vacant space into cultural and creative parks, and it can effectively co-create with the design mode. Therefore, it is hoped that this study can serve as a reference for the academic and industrial circles in the effective reuse of the vacant space in the spatial reconstruction of cultural and creative parks, so as to promote the Cross-Strait cooperation and co-prosperity in the construction of cultural and creative parks.