影響器官捐贈簽署意願的因素-以大學生和碩博士生為例

Abstract

本研究目的在探究影響大學生和碩博士生器官捐贈簽署意願的因素，包括器官捐贈看法(器官捐贈認同程度、器官捐贈認知、是否接觸/聽過器官捐贈資訊與來源)、同理心，以及人口特徵因素(性別、年齡、教育程度、宗教信仰、非器官捐贈經驗)，並瞭解上述影響因素與器官捐贈簽署意願的關聯性。以臺灣地區各大學之20歲以上大學生和碩博士生為研究調查對象，並利用網路調查法蒐集相關資料，共獲得202筆有效問卷回覆資料，男女比例分別為49.5%：50.5%，達到教育部公布之103年度大專院校男女比例。最後，資料蒐集後，以SPSS 22.0 for Windows統計軟體進行描述性統計、卡方檢定、相關分析、多元邏輯斯迴歸分析等各項統計分析。

本研究結果發現： 一、大學生和碩博士生的器官捐贈已註記之比例與簽署意願現況 在本研究的大學生和碩博士生中，有13.4%已經有去簽署並註記同意器官捐贈，且多基於「以有機會去幫助別人」、「挽救生命」，以及「對家人/朋友來說是一個很好的榜樣」等因素。另外，在簽署意願程度上，有69.8%是有意願，卻尚未註記，而主要是受到「還年輕，不急著簽署」、「不知道去哪裡簽署」、「太忙沒時間」、「怕家人反對」、「朋友不支持」、「缺乏對醫療服務的信任」等內外在因素影響。至於在簽署意願程度上沒有意願簽署的大學生和碩博士生，則占16.8%，主要因為「沒想過」、「不了解簽署這個的用意」、「信仰觀念因素」、「不知道去哪裡簽署」、「怕家人反對」、「缺乏對醫療服務的信任」等內外在因素影響。

二、大學生和碩博士生人口特徵因素對器官捐贈簽署意願的影響 在本研究結果可得知，大學生和碩博士生人口特徵因素之中，僅有性別與器官捐贈簽署意願之間有顯著相關性存在，且女生比男生更有意願，其餘的如年齡、教育程度、宗教信仰和非器官捐贈經驗等因素，皆對大學生和碩博士生個人的器官捐贈簽署意願沒有太大的影響。

三、大學生和碩博士生器官捐贈看法對器官捐贈簽署意願的影響 在本研究結果可得知，大學生和碩博士生器官捐贈看法之中，僅有器官捐贈認同程度會對大學生和碩博士生的器官捐贈簽署意願有所影響，也就是說，若器官捐贈認同程度愈高，則器官捐贈簽署意願愈高；其餘的如器官捐贈認知，以及是否接觸/聽過器官捐贈資訊等因素，並不會影響其個人的器官捐贈簽署意願。

四、大學生和碩博士生同理心對器官捐贈簽署意願的影響 在本研究結果可得知，大學生和碩博士生的同理心對個人的器官捐贈簽署意願是有影響的，也就是說同理心程度愈高，則較有器官捐贈簽署意願。

五、器官捐贈看法、同理心、人口特徵因素對大學生和碩博士生器官捐贈簽署意願之預測性 以二元邏輯斯迴歸分析之結果，發現器官捐贈看法、同理心、人口特徵因素對大學生和碩博士生器官捐贈簽署意願之間有中低度強度的關聯，尤其是性別和器官捐贈認同程度有達到顯著水準，而可以有效預測大學生和碩博士生的器官捐贈簽署意願。另外，以次序邏輯斯迴歸分析之結果，發現女性比男性器官捐贈簽署意願高；最後，器官捐贈認同程度較高者，以及器官捐贈認知較佳者，其較有器官捐贈簽署意願。The main purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence college undergraduates and graduates willingness to sign organ donation. The factors including perception toward organ donation (such as attitude, knowledge and whether contact / heard of organ donation information and source), empathy, and demographic characteristics factors (such as gender, age, education, religion, and non-organ donation experience). Finally, understand the relevant between the above factors and willingness to sign organ donation.

Using the computer network survey, so we got total of 202 college undergraduates and graduates from Taiwan participated in the study. (49.5% male and 50.5% female; over 20 years of age)

After data processing and statistical analysis, the results obtained are as follow:

1.Only 13.4% of the respondents registered for organ donation, and the reasons that is more on “have the opportunity to help others”, “save lives”, and “is a good example of family / friends”.

2.There are 69.8% of the respondents were willingness to sign organ donation, but not yet to registered for organ donation. The internal factors are more on “still young, no hurry to sign”, “I don’t know where to sign”, and “too busy”. The external factors are more on “fear of family opposition”, “do not get support from friends”, and “could not trust fully the medical service”.

3.There are 16.8% of the respondents were no willingness to sign. The internal factors are more on “never thought”, “do not understand the intention of signing organ donation”, “Belief”, and “I don’t know where to sign”. The external factors are more on “fear of family opposition” and “could not trust fully the medical service”.

4.In this study, gender was correlated with willingness to donate, and female higher than male. The rest, such as age, education, religion, and non-organ donation experience was not significantly correlated with willingness to donate.

5.In this study, the college students’ organ donation-related factors, only attitudes were correlated with willingness to donate. The rest, such as whether contact / heard of organ donation information and source, and the knowledge were not significantly correlated with willingness to donate.

6.In this study, the college students’ empathic was correlated with willingness to donate. The more empathic they had, the more willingness to sign organ donation they be.

7.In this study, binary logistic regression analysis, found that perception toward organ donation, empathy, and demographic characteristics factors were low to moderate correlated with willingness to donate. In particular, gender and attitude of organ donation can predict college students’ willingness to sign organ donation. In addition, ordered logistic regression, found that male has lower willingness to sign an organ donation than female. Moreover, the higher level of perception toward organ donation or have better knowledge of organ donation, its willingness to sign organ donation.