學齡前兒童照顧者對兒童視力保健知識、態度、行為及其相關因素之研究：以臺北市中山區為例

Abstract

本研究針對臺北市中山區的374名學齡前兒童照顧者進行調查，探討照顧者背景變項（如性別、教育程度和職業）與學齡前兒童視力保健知識、態度及行為之間的關係。調查結果顯示，女性照顧者佔87.3%，其中母親佔多數（80.9%）。研究結果顯示，研究對象對於視力保健的知識水平屬於中上程度，平均答對率超過60%，但許多照顧者對兒童視力發展的具體標準了解不足。關於視力保健態度，大多數照顧者持有正向態度，尤其是對於戶外活動及充足睡眠對視力保健的重要性，其認同度最高（平均數4.67）。然而，對於使用3C產品作為獎勵或陪伴工具這一問題，有70位照顧者表示態度中立，顯示出對此問題的態度分歧。在行為方面，大部分照顧者表現出良好的視力保健行為，其中最常見的行為是提醒孩子在閱讀、寫字及使用3C產品時保持適當的距離和正確的姿勢（平均數4.61）。然而，仍有相當比例的照顧者（平均數3.86）使用3C產品作為獎勵或陪伴工具，這反映出數位時代中3C產品對兒童視力發展的潛在影響。進一步的分析顯示，照顧者的教育程度顯著影響其視力保健知識、態度及行為，教育程度較高的照顧者在這些方面表現更為優異。此外，視力保健知識與態度之間存在正相關，態度越正向的照顧者，其視力保健行為也越佳。然而，視力保健知識的增加未必伴隨行為的改善，這可能暗示在知識傳授的同時，行為改進的支持仍需加強。

This study surveyed 374 caregivers of preschool children in the Zhongshan District of Taipei City to investigate the relationships between caregivers' background variables (such as gender, education level, and occupation) and their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding vision care for preschool children. The survey revealed that female caregivers accounted for 87.3% of the participants, with mothers representing the majority (80.9%). The results showed that the respondents had a moderately high level of knowledge about vision care, with an average accuracy rate exceeding 60%. However, many caregivers were unclear about the specific standards of vision development for children. In terms of attitudes, the majority of caregivers had a positive outlook on vision health, especially regarding the importance of outdoor activities and adequate sleep, which received the highest level of agreement (mean score of 4.67). Notably, 70 caregivers expressed neutral opinions on the use of electronic devices as a reward or tool for child accompaniment, indicating divided attitudes on this issue.Regarding behavior, most caregivers demonstrated good practices in vision care, with the most common behavior being reminding children to maintain proper distance and posture while using their eyes (mean score of 4.61). However, a significant number of caregivers (mean score of 3.86) still used electronic devices as a reward or accompaniment for children, reflecting the impact of digital devices on children's vision development in the digital age. Further analysis revealed that caregivers' education levels significantly influenced their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to vision care. Caregivers with higher education levels showed better performance in these areas. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between vision care knowledge and attitudes, where more positive attitudes corresponded with better vision care behaviors. However, an increase in knowledge did not necessarily lead to improved behavior, suggesting that while knowledge is crucial, additional support is needed to translate it into practice.