近代臺灣新聞記者的社會實踐（1897-1947）

Abstract

臺灣自1988年報禁解除之後，傳媒文化史的相關研究，逐漸成為學界關注焦點之一，目前有關日治時期，專職新聞從業人員，如記者、編輯等職業身分之建立、轉換與回應時代變遷，雖已有零星研究，但都只在單一個人身分，或相互對照組之論述，或是歷史性的結構鋪陳，有關記者或編輯職業類型的建構與論述，尚無系統性的專論。本研究以記者職業為研究主體，原因主要有兩點：1.記者是臺灣在日治時期新興的職業；2.從事記者工作者屬於社會領導階層，有一定的影響力。因此針對日治時期臺灣的日本人與臺灣人記者的人數記者擁有怎樣的學經歷出生地的背景如何？記者的在社會上地位又如何？記者在戰後初期，所面臨的課題，都是本文關注的焦點。至於本論文主要研究對象與範圍，主要是以日治時期傳統舊文人知識社群，以及新式教育下的知識份子，如何投入日本所引進的現代化報刊，成為新興職業──新聞記者的一分子；不管是傳統舊文人，或新式教育下的新知識分子，他們在面對日本帶進臺灣，具隱藏性的「同化」政策，他們的應對之道及產生的影響。這裡必須強調，本文不在論述或探討新舊文人的作品價值與內涵，而是著重殖民政府所建構，具有現代性的大眾媒體作為媒介的「文明陷阱」，傳統文人如何在這個新的文化展演空間，認識傳播平臺的現代性，以及自身轉變；而新知識份子，在吸納日本「現代性」之後，透過報刊作為論政基地，並建構臺灣人意識的過程。特別的是，新知識分子都同時扮演著「有機知識份子」與「文化中介人」的雙重角色，本文乃透過歷史構面的回溯，進而檢視日治時期臺灣新聞工作者，如何經由大眾媒介的傳播平台反抗日本殖民體制的影響與意義，但這批具「市民社會」意識之「有機知識份子」與「文化中介人」的新聞記者，卻在戰後很短時間內，已不見容國民黨體制，而紛紛退出新聞舞台。Since lifting the press ban in Taiwan in 1988, research on the history of media culture has gradually become one of the academic focuses. Although there have been sporadic studies on the establishment, transformation, and response of the professional identity of individual full-time journalists, such as reporters or editors, during the Japanese occupation period, not much systematic research has been conducted so far on the formation and discourse of this emerging new profession.This research focuses on journalist as a profession for two reasons. One is that journalist was an emerging job during the Japanese occupation; the other, journalists were social leaders with influence. As a result, the following are the emphases of the research: the number of Japanese and Taiwanese working as journalists, their academic and working experiences, birthplaces, social status, and the issues that they were faced with.This research focuses on the role of the old literati as well as that of contemporary intellectuals that were shaped by the educational system introduced by Japan. During the Japanese Occupation, journalism transformed into a rising force for social change. This paper analyzes how intellectuals from the two respective groups adapted to the professional demands imposed on journalists at the time, and how they worked within a framework that enabled them use journalism as a promotional platform for social change, whilst complying with the constraints imposed by Japan's covert "assimilation" policy. Furthermore, their social impact on Taiwanese society is discussed. The research is not centered on the values and connotations of works of these old and new intellectuals, but on the "civilization trap", constructed by the colonial Japan, that embodied "Modernity", with mass media being a medium. The researcher discourses the process in which the traditional intellectuals got familiar with the communication platforms and self-transformations on the new culturalspace, while the new intellectuals, with the knowledge of the Japanese modernity, dealt with the problems in the process of constructing Taiwan awareness, using newspapers as the base for their political discourses.Particular attention is paid to the dual role of"organic intellectuals" and "cultural intermediaries" that the new intellectuals played at the time. By tracing back the historical trajectory, this thesis examines how mass media served as a platform of resistance to the Japanese colonial government. Despite the acts of defiance committed by journalists and intellectuals during the Japanese era, for the most part, they were not recognized as such by the Kuomintang government, which resulted in many intellectuals being forced to leave the profession.