國中學習障礙學生知覺父母教養態度對人際關係影響之研究─ 以自我概念為中介變項

Abstract

本研究旨在探討探討國中學習障礙學生知覺父母教養態度、自我概念與人際關係之間的關聯，並瞭解不同背景變項學生在父母教養態度、自我概念與人際關係的現況及差異情形，以及自我概念的中介效果。研究採用問卷調查法，抽取新竹縣市國中學習障礙學生114名為研究對象，使用「家長教養方式量表」、「自我概念量表」、「人際關係問卷」為研究工具進行調查。研究所得之資料以描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、逐步多元迴歸、階層迴歸等統計方法加以處理與分析。研究結果如下：

一、國中學習障礙學生知覺父母教養態度偏向積極性的教養方式，且自我概念與人際關係均屬正向。 二、中高家庭社經地位的國中學障生在知覺父母教養態度之「家長要求」層面顯著高於低家庭社經地位；不同性別與年級則無顯著差異。 三、知覺父母教養態度為「開明權威」者之國中學習障礙學生在自我概念各層面及整體自我概念得分最高。不同性別、家庭社經地位及年級則皆無顯著差異。 四、主要照顧者為女性之國中學習障礙學生在人際關係之「情感」層面顯著高於男性；知覺父母教養態度為「開明權威」者在人際關係各層面及整體人關係得分最高；學生性別不同、不同家庭社經地位及年級無顯著差異。 五、國中學習障礙學生父母教養態度與自我概念呈現正相關；父母教養態度與人際關係呈現正相關；自我概念與人際關係呈現正相關。 六、國中學習障礙學生整體自我概念、社會我及家長要求三個變項對人際關係有預測作用；自我概念在父母教養態度對人際關係為部分中介效果。

最後，根據研究結果給予父母、教學與輔導實務工作者及未來研究方向提出建議。The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship among parents’ rearing attitudes, self-concept and interpersonal relationship of junior high school students with learning disabilities, and also to investigate differences in three variables with different background. In addition, it also aimed to explore the mediation effect of self concept. The method of questionnaire survey was adopted for this study. One hundred and fourteen learning disability students were recruited from junior high school in Hsinchu. The data were analyzed by the method of descriptive statistics analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, stepwise multiple regressions and hierarchical regression. The main findings were as follows： 1. The parents’ rearing attitudes were positive. The self-concept and relationship of sample students were also positive. 2. The demandingness aspect of parents’ rearing attitudes of junior-high-school students with learning disabilities varied significantly in terms of family socioeconomic status.The higher and mediate group was better than lower group, but not the gender and grades. 3. There were no significant differences in the aspect of self-concept in terms of the gender, socioeconomic status and grades. 4. The female caregivers have significant differences in the affection of interpersonal relationship, and better than male’s. 5. There were significant differences in the aspect of self-concept and interpersonal relationship, in terms of parents’ rearing attitudes.Democratic parenting style was better than the others. 6. There were positive correlations between parents’ rearing attitudes and self-concept.There were positive correlations between parents’ rearing attitudes and interpersonal relationship.There were positive correlations between self-concept and interpersonal relationship. 7. The global self-concept, social self and demandingness can significantly predict the interpersonal relationship. The self-concept served as mediator in the relations between parents’ rearing attitudes and interpersonal relationship.

Based on the findings and conclusions, several suggestions were proposed for parents, teachers, and future research.