桃園縣中壢市國中生騎自行車戴安全帽行為意圖與相關因素之研究
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Date
2006
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Abstract
本研究以Ajzen和Fishbein的理性行動理論(The theory of reasoned action)與Bandura社會學習理論中之自我效能為基礎，主要探討國中生騎自行車戴安全帽行為意圖與其影響因素，並討論理論適切性。本研究以桃園縣中壢市公立國中九十四年在學生為研究母群體，採分層集束抽樣方式抽出研究樣本，並完成的有效問卷382份。研究工具為結構式問卷，乃依據開放式引導問卷填答結果篩選出顯著信念編擬而成。
經統計分析得主要研究結果如下：
一、研究對象在未來進行騎自行車是否戴安全帽之意圖在比例上非常接近，各約占全體40﹪。
二、研究對象從事騎自行車戴安全帽的態度、主觀規範可以有效地解釋行為意圖的36.94﹪，加上自我效能後顯著增加對行為意圖20.08﹪的解釋量，共達到57.02%。重要性依序為自我效能、態度、主觀規範。
三、研究對象對於從事騎自行車戴安全帽之態度與行為信念及結果評價的交乘積和呈顯著正相關；在主觀規範與規範信念及依從動機的交乘積和也呈現顯著正相關。
四、有/無騎自行車戴安全帽意圖之研究對象在行為信念、結果評價、規範信念、依從動機、自我效能上，均有整體性之顯著差異。
五、外在變項含「性別」、「年級」、「戴安全帽經驗」、「車禍經驗」等，均無法影響研究對象的行為意圖。
六、研究結果支持理性行動理論整合社會學習理論之自我效能應用於預測從事騎自行車戴安全帽之行為意圖。
The purpose of this study was to investigate junior high school students’ helmet-wearing behavioral intention and related factors of riding bicycles on the basis of both the Theory of Reasoned Action of Ajzen and Fishbein (1980) and the Self-efficacy of Bandura's Social Learning Theory. By using stratified cluster sampling method, the 382 samples were selected from the students who studied in the public junior high schools in Zhongli City, Taoyuan County in 2005. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data for this study. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1.About 40﹪samples had positive behavioral intention to wear helmets when riding bicycles；but other 40﹪samples showed negative intentions. 2. The attitude and subjective norm could effectively explain 36.94﹪of variance of the intention of wearing helmets; self-efficacy added 20.08﹪ explanation power. Thus, the explanation power of these three variables accounted for 57.02%. The sort of the importance was self-efficacy, attitude, and subjective norm. 3. The attitudes of the samples toward helmet-wearing were significantly positively related to the product of behavioral beliefs multiplied by evaluations of outcomes (ΣBi＊Ei). Also, the subjective norm of the samples toward helmet-wearing were also significantly positively related to the product of normative beliefs multiplied by motivations to comply(ΣNBj＊MCj). 4. There were significant differences between samples with or without the intention of helmet-wearing in behavioral beliefs, evaluations of outcomes, normative beliefs, motivations to comply, and self-efficacy. 5. The variables of ‘gender’, ‘grade’, ‘the experiences of helmet-wearing’, ‘the experiences of traffic accidents’ couldn’t affect samples’ intention of helmet-wearing. 6. The results of this study supported the framework, an integration of Theory of Reasoned Action and Self-efficacy.
The purpose of this study was to investigate junior high school students’ helmet-wearing behavioral intention and related factors of riding bicycles on the basis of both the Theory of Reasoned Action of Ajzen and Fishbein (1980) and the Self-efficacy of Bandura's Social Learning Theory. By using stratified cluster sampling method, the 382 samples were selected from the students who studied in the public junior high schools in Zhongli City, Taoyuan County in 2005. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data for this study. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1.About 40﹪samples had positive behavioral intention to wear helmets when riding bicycles；but other 40﹪samples showed negative intentions. 2. The attitude and subjective norm could effectively explain 36.94﹪of variance of the intention of wearing helmets; self-efficacy added 20.08﹪ explanation power. Thus, the explanation power of these three variables accounted for 57.02%. The sort of the importance was self-efficacy, attitude, and subjective norm. 3. The attitudes of the samples toward helmet-wearing were significantly positively related to the product of behavioral beliefs multiplied by evaluations of outcomes (ΣBi＊Ei). Also, the subjective norm of the samples toward helmet-wearing were also significantly positively related to the product of normative beliefs multiplied by motivations to comply(ΣNBj＊MCj). 4. There were significant differences between samples with or without the intention of helmet-wearing in behavioral beliefs, evaluations of outcomes, normative beliefs, motivations to comply, and self-efficacy. 5. The variables of ‘gender’, ‘grade’, ‘the experiences of helmet-wearing’, ‘the experiences of traffic accidents’ couldn’t affect samples’ intention of helmet-wearing. 6. The results of this study supported the framework, an integration of Theory of Reasoned Action and Self-efficacy.
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Keywords
安全帽, 自行車, 行為意圖, 理性行動理論, 自我效能, Helmet, Bicycle, Behavioral Intention, Theory of Reasoned Action, Self-efficacy