金門島居民環境意識之探討

Abstract

由於島嶼地區具有土地面積小、隔離性、脆弱的生態環境、獨特的文化、及易受外來干擾而改變等特質，在快速發展中島嶼環境更容易影響與衝擊。而島嶼居民對於島嶼環境與發展的衝擊及影響等議題有何看法，頗值得探索。本研究藉由金門島居民的環境意識調查與探討，以瞭解島嶼居民的環境知識、環境敏感度、環境態度、環境行為等環境意識面向。本研究認為島嶼地區環境教育發展可分為兩階段，第一階段為環境意識調查，作為瞭解社會現況之基礎；第二階段則可應用第一階段的發現進行環境教育課程與教材的研發。本論文屬於島嶼地區環境教育發展的第一階段調查。 本研究在環境意識調查上採用問卷調查法。抽樣方法為分層隨機抽樣法，合計抽出461位滿二十歲以上設籍於金門島的居民進行面訪，有效問卷為457份。統計軟體採用SPSS10.0進行分析，主要分析工具有次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差、t考驗（獨立樣本）、單因子變異數分析（One-way ANOVA）（獨立樣本）、Scheff事後檢定、Dunnett’s C事後檢定、卡方檢定（χ2百分比同質性考驗）、及校正後標準化殘差值事後檢定。 主要研究結論有：1.金門島居民的環境知識在生態問題與災害認知方面有待提昇；2.金門島居民的環境敏感度高；3.金門島居民的環境態度朝向正面發展；4.金門島居民的環境行為較為消極且頻度不高；5.金門島五個鄉鎮的環境意識有顯著差異存在。最後則依據研究結論，提出對於金門島環境教育發展建議與後續研究建議。

Islands are special due to their small area, isolation, vulnerable ecosystem, unique culture and relatively rapid response to external disturbances. It is interesting to investigate what the viewpoints of islanders on their environment and development issues. This study is a survey of Kinmen island’s environmental consciousness including islanders’ environmental knowledge, attitude, sensitivity, and behavior. This study is the first survey of environmental consciousness of Kinmen island, and aims to provide a basis for future comparison and local environmental education. The research design is mainly by questionnaire survey. The method for sampling is stratified random sampling. 461 samples were polled from residents over 20 years old. Statistical software using for data analysis is SPSS 10.0 Windows edition. Analysis variables includes frequent distribution, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test (dependent sample), one-way ANOVA (dependent sample), Scheff posteriori comparison, Dunnett’s C posteriori comparison, χ2(test of homogeneity of proportions), and Adj. standardized residual posteriori comparison. The main findings from this survey include: 1)Knowledge on ecological problems and disaster is inadequate in general; 2)Environmental sensitivity of Kinmen islands is high; 3)Environmental attitude is positive and toward better direction; 4)The frequency of environmental behavior on participating relevant activities is low; 5)There are significant differences among five local districts on the island. Accordingly, a certain suggestions for future environmental education development on the island are recommended.