以建制民族誌探討中學代理教師之困境

Abstract

本研究以研究者本身為代理教師的經驗為出發，從自身感受到工作中身為代理教師的斷裂經驗開始，去探討整體代理教師制度中，文本的存在及其所帶來的支配關係。本研究以建制民族誌作為研究方法，去分析代理教師困境的形成原因。首先以研究者本身身為代理教師的工作感受為立足點出發，接著訪問現職或曾任代理教師的教師十位，藉由相同立足點的不同人之分享，去試著描繪出一個較為全面的代理教師工作環境、人際關係互動等。最後，透過分享的內容，去剖析影響整個困境形成的文本，並發現可能受到代理教師制度、續聘評鑑制度、學校員額控管等影響，並由此些文本所帶來的支配關係，使得代理教師與相關的教職員工之間的工作交流，形成了有別於一般同事間的特別互動關係。因此本研究的成果有二，其一為以代理教師的觀點，整理出代理教師的生活樣態，其二為找到代理教師制度困境背後的文本，並分析其意識形態，以及支配關係。此外，在現有少子化下，學校除了具有代理教師的聘任者的支配身分，同時也被教師員額控管所支配，在員額不足以聘新教師、學校又缺教師的狀態下，學校如何與代理教師制度共存，使學校的校務能持續運作。最後，給予現有制度建議，以期教學現場的教師能被更公平對待，並帶來更好的教育環境。This study examines the experiences of substitute teachers, beginning with the researcher's own experience as a substitute teacher, in order to explore the presence of texts and the ruling relations they create within the broader substitute teacher system. Using ethnographic methodology, this study analyzes the factors contributing to the challenges faced by substitute teachers. It begins by examining the researcher's own experiences as a substitute teacher and then interviews ten current or former substitute teachers. Through the experiences they shared, the study aims to provide amore comprehensive understanding of the substitute teacher's work environment and interpersonal interactions. Finally, by analyzing the shared content, the study examines the texts that contribute to the formation of the challenges faced by substitute teachers. It identifies the influence of the substitute teacher system, contract evaluation systems, and school staffing constraints, highlighting the dominance relations that arise from these texts. The study reveals that the communication and interactions between substitute teachers and other educationprofessionals differ from those among regular colleagues.Therefore, this study has two main outcomes. First, it presents the lifestyle of substitute teachers from their perspective. Second, it uncovers the underlying texts and analyzes their ideologies and power dynamics behind the challenges faced by substitute teachers. Additionally, due to the declining birth rates, schools not only exercise control over substitute teachers through their employment status but are also constrained by teacher staffing quotas. This study explores how do schools coexist with the substitute teachers system and maintain the operation while facing a shortage of teachers.Lastly, this study provides recommendations to improve the current system, aiming to promote fair treatment for teachers in the classroom and create a better educational environment.