臺灣民間故事的繪畫表現性之研究

Abstract

民間故事屬於口頭文學的一種，在民智未開的時代就扮演著娛樂、宗教、習俗與教育的文化傳承角色，同時也是藝術家們源源不絕的創作靈感來源，舉凡文學、詩歌、繪畫與戲劇等，都有民間故事的痕跡在裡頭。 當畫家以敘事性繪畫的方式來呈現民間故事時，必須先瞭解故事的內容。因為民間故事的文本經常有改寫、再創作的問題，所以敘事性繪畫也未必要完全忠於文本，畫家僅需要確定故事的主幹，並找出其中構成故事的關鍵元素，就能讓觀者在靜態的畫面領會到故事的情節。 在歷代畫作的分析與比較方面，以符號學與圖像學的觀點探討符號的象徵性，以及畫家如何利用畫中人物的姿態動作、造型與色彩的搭配組合，藉著象徵的作用，讓圖像產生寓意以傳達畫家的意念，並產生畫家的獨特的風格。 本研究的創作實踐部分，筆者以象徵主義的表現形式來呈現臺灣民間故事的內容，考量了民族性、本土性以及創作者本身的情感共鳴，選出十則具有代表性的故事，並使用傳統油畫技法繪製成具有個人風格的繪畫作品。創作的重點包括：美的凝滯性、美的永恆性以及姿態的曖昧性，利用靜止的姿態和大面積的單純背景，營造出神秘的氣氛，帶給觀者無盡的對話與想像，從而達到藝術的永恆性。

There are many forms of oral literary. Folk stories are one of it. Long time ago, most people were illiterate with no access to information, and had to rely on folk stories for many purposes, such as entertainment, religious belief, traditions, and education. At that time, folk stories played an important role in terms of cultural inheritance and artists drew their inspirations from folk stories ceaselessly. Therefore, folk stories are found in the literature, poems, paintings, and dramas produced over the world. Before painters portrayed folk stories through narrative paintings, they had to familiarize themselves with the details of stories. Most folk stories had been re-written and re-created over the past centuries. As a result, narrative paintings are unlikely to be truthful as compared to the original stories. Therefore, painters had to identify the key parts of stories as well as the key factors that constituted the stories, allowing viewers to comprehend the stories through the motionless pictures. First of all, this study analyzed the paintings produced in different generations, and reviewed the symbolisms revealed by various logos from semiotic and iconological standpoint. Secondly, this study examined how the painters expressed their concepts by combining various figures’ gestures, motions, and profiles through different symbols, thus conveying their allegoric concepts through the paintings and manifesting their unique styles. Furthermore, this study attempted to present the contents of Taiwan’s folk stories using symbolic skills. For this purpose, this study chose ten folk stories that were known for nationality, locality, and creators’ emotions together with oil paintings produced by the author using indirect painting skills to portray folk stories with emphasis on the stagnation of beauty, the eternity of beauty, and the ambiguity of gestures. The motionless movements and huge, clear background guide viewers to a world of unlimited imaginations and thus present a sense of art eternity to the audience.