澎湖地區高中職學生體育課心理需求與環境知覺滿意度對自我決定動機及參與意圖之預測

Abstract

身體活動（physical activity）在健康促進與疾病預防上所扮演的重要性已有許多相關文獻加以證實（U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996），藉由學校體育課有系統的增進學生體育課活動的學習興趣和參與動機以養成規律的運動習慣是很有效率的方式 (行政院體委會，1999；Standage, Duda,& Ntoumanis, 2003)，因此體育課參與動機的影響因素便顯的相當重要。本研究以自我決定理論為基礎佐以生態學模式，以澎湖地區高中職學生為研究參與者，探討自主性、勝任感及關係感等三個心理需求及氣候知覺、場地器材二個環境知覺透過自我決定動機對體育課參與意圖之預測力。研究結果顯示：（一）自主性、勝任感、關係感三個心理需求滿意度能有效預測自我決定動機與體育課參與意圖，勝任感的預測力最高。（二）氣候知覺、場地器材滿意度能有效預測自我決定動機及體育課參與意圖，氣候知覺的預測力最高。（三）在預測自我決定動機及體育課參與意圖方面，環境知覺的加入可以顯著的增加預測力，且心理需求的預測力較環境知覺高（四）自我決定型態動機能有效預測體育課參與意圖。（五）自主性、勝任感、關係感三個心理需求能透過自我決定型態動機部份中介預測體育課參與意圖。（六）氣候知覺滿意度能透過自我決定型態動機完全中介預測體育課參與意圖、場地器材滿意度能透過自我決定型態動機部分中介預測體育課參與意圖。根據研究結果與討論，本研究亦對於實際應用與未來進一步的研究提出建議。

There are many relevant documents have been evidenced that the importance of physical activity on health promotion and disease prevention（U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996）. In order to enhance students’ interest and motivation and to develop regular exercise, providing physical education classes by systematic physical activities is a very efficient manner (Affairs Council，1999；Standage, Duda,& Ntoumanis, 2003)，Therefore, understanding factors influence the participation of physical education is very important。Based on self-determination theory and ecological model, this study examine the predictive utility of psychological needs and perceived environmental satisfaction on self-determined motivation and intention of participation in PE classes in Penghu high school students. The results indicated that：(1) Perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness significantly predicted self-determined motivation and intention of participation in PE classes. Specifically, perception of competence was the better predictor. (2) Perception of environmental satisfaction significantly predicted self-determined motivation and intention of participation in PE classes. Specifically, perception of climate was the better predictor. (3) Psychological needs had greater explained variance than perception of environmental satisfaction in term of predicting self-determined motivation and intention of participation in PE. (4) Self-determined motivation significantly predicted intention of participation in PE classes. (5) Three psychological needs and perceived environmental satisfaction significantly predicted intention of participation in PE classes through self-determined motivation. Based on the results and discussion, this study also made suggestions for practical applications and future studies.