媒體近用權的實踐與近用者的圖像---以有線電視系統之公用頻道為例

Abstract

媒體近用權的實踐與近用者的圖像：以有線電視系統之公用頻道為例 我國有線廣播電視法第25 條第2 項規定，申請籌設、營運有線廣播電視案件應免 費提供專用頻道供政府機關、學校、團體及當地民眾播送公益性、藝文性、社教性等節 目者，審議委員會始得為許可之決議。這條文的制訂使媒體近用權在台灣得以具體實 踐，並充分體現有線電視系統作為地區性媒體應滿足其社區居民實踐媒體近用權的重要 性。但是目前在台灣，不管對觀眾或有線電視業者而言，公用頻道或媒體近用權，都只 是個抽象且陌生的概念，再加上現行法令規章的不夠周延，且缺乏其它相關規定配合以 作具體規範，使得各有線電視系統是否願意具體規劃與確實執行公用頻道規範不無疑 義，而這些都將阻擾媒體近用權的在地實踐，更不用說如何讓民眾了解媒體近用的意 義，進而真正樂於近用媒體。 本研究題旨指涉的媒體近用權實踐主要在分析公用頻道之近用內容，以及了解民眾 的公用頻道使用現況與近用意願，其次近用者圖像即在解構公用頻道近用者是誰（包括 個人與團體）？據此，本研究計畫（一）蒐集世界各主要規劃媒體近用頻道的國家（例 如美國、英國、歐盟，或日韓等），作為探討媒體近用權在地實踐之參考。（二）分析在 地有線電視系統之公用頻道的節目內容，包括播出之節目內容、類型、來源，以及其內 容提供者，描繪近用內容與近用者的圖像。（三）針對提供公用頻道節目內容之媒體近 用者進行問卷調查，解構在地近用者圖像，以及了解其近用意見與建議。（四）利用電 話調查了解民眾使用與觀看公用頻道的意見，以及近用的可能性，探討媒體近用權在地 落實的現況與困境。（五）透過產官學焦點團體討論與其他研究成果，檢討公用頻道法 規，強化公用頻道規範，以落實媒體近用權。（六）透過學術研究成果分享，推動媒體 近用理念，確保民眾媒體近用權益。

Practicing media access and the profiles of the practitioners: A study of the public access channels on cable TV The right of access to the media derives from the freedom of speech which has been written in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. On the basis of the concept of media access, US cable television regulations mandate that cable television systems are obliged to establish at least one access channel for public, educational, and governmental uses (i.e., PEG channels). The Cable Radio and Television Act of Taiwan also regulates that each cable television system should designate a public access channel for applying its franchise license. However, public access channels do not perform well domestically after passing the Act for more than 15 years, according to various cable subscriber surveys conducted by both local and national regulatory institutions. This study aims to examine domestic practices on rights of access to the media, focusing on public access channels on cable television systems in order to explore the implication and practice of media access right in Taiwan, as well as to depict profiles of those practitioners. The study will begin with collecting major countries’practices of media access as an important basis of analysis. Then the study will conduct a content analysis to analyze programming on public access channels, a questionnaire survey to portray practitioners of public access channels, and a telephone survey of cable television subscribers to know their opinion on watching public access channels and willingness of accessing media. Finally, the study will invite industry professionals, professors, and government officials to form focus group discussions to collect advices of domestic practices and policy-making regarding media access right.