健康行動過程路徑對青少年規律運動行為的預測效果

Abstract

本研究旨在驗證健康行動過程路徑（HAPA）是否適用於台灣青少年的規律運動行為。研究對象為286名台北市某國中七年級的學生。在兩個月的追蹤調查中，使用了三份結構式問卷。利用徑路分析發現：（1）25.5％的研究對象有從事規律運動；（2）經過幾次的修正調整後，HAPA運用在青少年規律運動上的適配情形良好（χ2=38.225、χ2/df=1.593、GFI=.974、AGFI=.943、PGFI=.443、NFI=.959、 CFI=.984、SRMR=.036、RMSEA=.046），整個模式可解釋規律運動行為28％的變異量。修正後的模式顯示規律運動意圖與行為有直接及間接的關係，計畫（包括行動計畫和因應計畫）與自我效能（包括因應自我效能及恢復自我效能）扮演著中介變項的角色。這些結果顯示修正後的HAPA對於促進青少年從事規律運動是有助益的。最後，本研究也對相關教育課程及未來研究提出一些建議。

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the general compatibility (i. e., goodness of fit) of the Health Action Processes Approach (HAPA) with the data. During a two-month period, a follow-up survey with three structured questionnaires was administered to 286 7th graders at a junior high school in Taipei City. By using path analysis, the findings were as follows: (1) 25.5 % of the respondents did regular exercise; (2) after several post hoc re-specifications, the HAPA model for regular exercise behavior was found to fit the data relatively well ( χ2=38.225, χ2/df=1.593, GFI=.974, AGFI=.943, PGFI=.443, NFI=.959, CFI=.984, SRMR=.036, RMSEA=.046 ) and explained 28 % of variance in regular exercise behavior. The model suggested direct and indirect associations between exercise intention and behavior. Planning (including action planning and coping planning) and self-efficacy (including coping self-efficacy and recovery self-efficacy) emerged as mediators. In conclusion, the findings of the current study provided support for a revised HAPA model to enhance regular exercise behavior for adolescents. Finally, recommendations for education intervention and future research are provided as well.