青少年性別概念與藝術表現關係之研究－性別圖像之建構與解構

Abstract

本研究以台北市國、高中二年級之美術班與普通班學生為對象，探討其性別概念與圖像創作以及圖像解讀之間的關係。首先透過文本分析法選擇訪談圖像；以青少年性別角色態度量表了解青少年的性別概念，並從中選擇訪談對象；使用內容分析法探究學生所繪之「男性人物畫」、「女性人物畫」、「忙碌的爸爸」，以及「忙碌的媽媽」等圖像，並輔以人物圖像性格特質問卷；最後以訪談方式，了解青少年對於自己所創作的人物，以及五張具有性別意涵之廣告的解讀。本研究的重要發現為青少年之性別概念、圖像創作與圖像解讀皆接受到大眾媒體、家庭、學校教育、同儕之影響，性別概念愈現代多元者愈能察覺這些影響因素。圖像創作方面：無論是何種典型的青少年會以刻板印象表現人物畫，圖像創作的過程，受到青少年創作的動機，創作慾望，創作習慣與創作的能力等影響，並與當下情境與情緒相關。圖像解讀方面，青少年對符號的熟悉程度、其先前經驗、個人的聯想能力與當下情境會影響圖像解讀。性別觀念傾向傳統刻板化者，多以支配式立場接受圖像中的訊息，當性別觀念越傾向現代多元化時，越能發現圖像中的主流之意識形態與性別差異，進而與圖像進行協調或反抗圖像中的訊息。The subjects of this study include high school and junior high sophomores of general classes and art classes. This study investigates the relationship between gender conception and representation of art of these subjects. First of all, the images for the investigation were chosen through the method of text analysis. The teenagers were measured by the gender role attitude scale that measures their concepts, and the results were used to select our subjects later on. Then we use the content analysis to investigate their drawings of the “male figure,” “female figure,” “busy father,” and “busy mother.” In addition, this would be helpful with aiding the surveys of images and traits. Last, through the interview, we analyzed their interpretation the figures of their drawing and five commercial images with special implication. This study shows the media, family interaction, education, the peers has major influences on the gender conception, image creation, and image interpretation on the adolescents. Moreover, the individuals have modern and diverse gender conception are more sensitive to these influential essences. In the process of image creation, all types of adolescents employ stereotypical impression to present human figures. However, during the process of image creation, the adolescents are influenced by their habit for drawing, purpose, desire, and ability to draw. In addition, they are also affected by the mood and the environment at the time of production. On the other hand, adolescent figure interpretation are influenced by the understanding of symbols, previous experience, and the ability of personal associative thinking. Individuals with traditional stereotypical conception are mostly dominated by the message given by the image. The individuals with modern and diverse gender conception has better ability to discover the mainstream ideology in the figure and gender differences, and therefore, take side to attack or make negotiation.