臺語中日語借詞使用現況調查

Abstract

因為臺灣歷史背景的關係，語 因為臺灣歷史背景的關係，語 因為臺灣歷史背景的關係，語 中擁有許多日語借詞。本研究欲探討現今臺 擁有許多日語借詞。本研究欲探討現今臺 擁有許多日語借詞。本研究欲探討現今臺 語中日借詞在臺灣多且華為優勢的環境表現。 本研究以引出法(elicitation)利用圖卡方式收集語料，再將所收錄到的語料依Winford(2003)借詞分類為基礎，搭配鄭良偉(1990)所提出臺語的四個語層分類。研究結果顯示：一、「瓦斯」ga55 suh3在臺語中並無其它詞彙競爭，穩定地被臺語說話者使用。「陽臺」be33 lan51 tah3、「高跟鞋」hai33 hi51 lu55在實驗中推論已消失在臺語詞彙中。二、受試者使用「臺語特有詞」指涉欲測的日語借詞。三、漢字臺語音讀現象普遍，視為「臺華共通詞」與日語借詞競爭。四、不是所有漢字都能輕易臺語發音，因此實驗中另一普遍現象為語碼轉換。五、社會因素上，年紀大的受試者使用日語借詞的比例高活力越大，反之亦然。男性使用日語借詞活力高於女性受試者。中南部地區受試者使用日語借詞的活力高於北部受試者。就讀臺語文相關系所的受試者日語借詞使用上活力高於非就讀臺語文相關系所的受試者。食(植)物類的日語借詞使用日語發音的比例最高，科技類及醫療用品類之詞彙多數受試者以華語思考表達，因此使用日語借詞的比例最低。Due to the historical background of Taiwan, there are many lexical items borrowed from Japanese into Taiwanese. This research aims to probe into the use of Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese in the context of multi-language environment and Mandarin as dominant language in Taiwan. The research utilizes the method of elicitation, using graphic cards to elicit and collect language materials. Based on Winford’s borrowing categories, I categorize them along with the 4 language layers of Taiwaneseproposed by Cheng, Robert L. (1990). The result reveals: 1. The word “gas”(ga55 suh3)has no other vocabulary to compete with it and is used steadily by Taiwanese speakers, while “veranda”(be33lan51 tah3) and “high-heel shoes”(hai33 hi51 lu55)are presumed to have disappeared from Taiwanese lexicon after experiment. 2. Subjects used “specific Taiwanese words”to refer to the Japanese loanwords in the test. 3. Chinese characters in Taiwanese pronunciation is quite common,i.e.“Taiwanese-Mandarincommon words,”which compete with the lexical items borrowed from Japanese. 4. Not all Chinese characters could be easily pronounced in Taiwanese. As such, another prevalent phenomenon in the experiment was code-switching. 5. Due to social variables, the older the subjects were, the more vigorously they used Japanese loanwords, and vice versa. Male subjects used Japanese loanwords more frequently than female ones. The subjects from the central and south of Taiwan tended to use Japanese loanwords more often than the northern counterparts. Furthermore, the subjects studying Taiwanese-related department were more actively in using Japanese loanwords than those studying otherwise. The Japaneseloanwords used in food (and plants) are most frequently pronounced in Japanese. Most subjects would think and express in Mandarin when it comes technological and medical items, so the use of Japanese loanwords are the least of all, nevertheless.