組織學習、知識分享、組織認同與經營績效之關聯性研究－以公股銀行業為例

Abstract

在知識經濟時代，企業的經營績效仰賴人才與知識，人才必須透過不斷的學習以增加知識，組織學習是促進組織成長的動力，知識分享更能讓此動力達到加乘的效果，而組織認同則是組織員工心悅誠服的內在感覺，此三者對於企業的經營績效有重要的影響。本研究以公股銀行業為例，探討組織學習、知識分享、組織認同與經營績效之關聯性，研究目的為：(一)了解不同背景變項的公股銀行員工對組織學習、知識分享、組織認同、經營績效認知程度之差異情形。(二)分析公股銀行業組織學習、知識分享、組織認同、經營績效四者間的關係。(三)基於上述結果，提出提昇公股銀行業組織學習、知識分享、組織認同與經營績效之建議。

本研究使用文獻分析法、問卷調查法、次級資料分析法等三種研究方法，以期探討出最客觀的研究結果；並以量化分析軟體SPSS進行問卷資料統計分析，以結構方程模式(SEM)進行資料因果關係分析，以AMOS軟體進行路徑圖之繪製，檢驗資料是否符合所建立的模式。問卷發放方式為實體問卷，共發放641份，回收有效問卷共549份，有效回收率85.65%。經由SPSS及AMOS整理與分析後，分別進行樣本分析、敍述性統計分析、人口統計變項分析與各構面間之差異性分析，並運用結構方程模式進行驗證性因素分析以及結構模型分析，以了解各構面之關聯性。

研究結果顯示，年齡較大的員工在多項構面之認知都大於年齡較小的員工；專科學歷的員工在多項構面之認知都大於大學及碩士的員工；職等較高的員工在多項構面之認知都大於職等較低的員工；管理部門的員工在多項構面之認知都大於外匯部門的員工；管理工作性質的員工在多項構面之認知都大於櫃臺工作的員工；東部地區在組織學習多項構面及知識分享行為的認知都大於外島地區，南部地區的員工在組織認同的忠誠度及相似性方面的認知都大於北部地區的員工。另外，對公股銀行業的經營績效而言，影響最大的因素是組織認同，其次是組織學習，而知識分享對公股銀行業的經營績效則没有正向影響。組織學習、知識分享及組織認同三者之間，除了組織認同對組織學習没有正向影響之外，其餘彼此間皆有正向的直接效果及間接效果。最後根據研究結論提出一些建議，提供公股銀行相關人員工作之參考。

In the knowledge-based economy, business performance depends on talent and knowledge. Talent must be through continuous learning to increase knowledge. Organizational learning is the momentum of promoting organizational growth. Knowledge sharing can make this momentum to achieve synergistic effects. Organizational identification is the willingly inherent sense of organization employees. These three dimensions have important influences on business performance. In this study, the government-owned bank industry as an example, discusses the relevance among organizational learning, knowledge sharing, organizational identification and business performance. The purposes of this study are: (1) In order to understand the differences of cognition degree among organizational learning, knowledge sharing, organizational identification and business performance in the different background variables employees of government-owned bank industry. (2) In order to analysis the relationships among organizational learning, knowledge sharing, organizational identification and business performance in the government-owned bank industry. (3) Based on the above results, proposed some suggestions that can enhance organizational learning, knowledge sharing, organizational identification and business performance for government-owned bank industry.

This study used literature analysis, questionnaire, secondary data analysis, three research methods. In order to explore the most objective findings. This study used quantitative analysis software SPSS to statistics and analysis questionnaire, used Structural Equation Model (SEM) for data causality analysis, and used AMOS for drawing the path graph, testing whether the data conform to the established pattern. Questionnaires were sent out for an entity questionnaires. 641 questionnaires were distributed, a total of 549 valid questionnaires, the effective rate 85.65%. After SPSS and AMOS integrated and analyze, respectively for sample analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, demographic variables analysis, and the discrepancy Analysis between the various dimensions. Using structural equation model to execute confirmatory factor analysis and structural model analysis to understand the relevance of each dimension.

About the cognition degree of variances dimensions in different demographic variables empolyees of government-owned bank industry, the results showed that older employees are greater than younger employees in many dimensions. Specialist academic degree employees are greater than university and master degree employees in many dimensions. Higher position employees are greater than lower position employees in many dimensions. Administration department employees are greater than the foreign exchange department employees in many dimensions. Management work employees are greater than tellers in many dimensions. Eastern region employees are greater than outer islands employees in organizational learning and knowledge sharing behavior. Southern region employees are greater than northern region employees in loyalty and similarities of organizational identification. In addition, about the business performance of government-owned bank industry, the most influential factor is the organizational identification, followed by the organizational learning. Knowledge sharing is no positive influence on business performance in government-owned bank industry. Among Organizational learning, knowledge sharing and organizational identification, besides that organizational identification is no positive influence on organizational learning, the rest have positive mutual direct effects and indirect effects.

Finally, according to the conclusions, this study proposed some suggestions to related people of the government-owned bank industry for working reference.