客家語賽夏通婚的涵化現象

Abstract

臺灣的原住民有十四族，其中賽夏族依地理位置分為南賽夏與北賽夏，南賽夏分布在苗栗縣南庄鄉與北賽夏在新竹縣五峰鄉是血緣同源的民族，現在總人口僅剩不到六千人 ，1911~1946年日治期間成長緩慢 ，光復後1946~1964人口快速增加，到1964之後又逐漸下降，近十年來賽夏族人口嚴重遞減中，在這不到六千人口中，會說賽夏語的人口有多少？語言是文化的載體也是密碼沒有語言就沒有文化；沒有語言就瀕臨滅絕，苗栗縣南庄鄉的賽夏族人說客家話已是非常普遍的現象，賽夏族人口的凋零是否涵化、同化、融合在客家民族中？ 本論文擬自1905年日治時期至今，以苗栗縣中港溪上游的兩岸方緣十里內，沿溪順流而下到內灣左右為界，站在公平對等的立場，解說賽夏族的入婚習俗，賽夏與客家之通婚是否加速語言的消長？文化的融合？從家族親屬、生活習慣、宗教、祭祀、歌謠等層面來探討，本論文採質性研究，藉著文獻探討和田野調查、深度訪談與比較研究法，來還原長時間外民族對賽夏民族的傳說與述說，期望能揭開神密的面紗，從新的視角與觀察賽夏與客家通婚所造成之影響。There are 14 indigenous peoples in Taiwan, among whom, the Saisiyat people are composed of southern Saisiyat and northern Saisiyat according to geographic positions. Southern Saisiyat people distributed in Nanzhuang Township, Miaoli County and the northern Saisiyat people distributed in Wufong Township, Hsinchu County are of the same blood relationship. Till now, the population is less than 6,000. The population grew slowly under the Japanese rule from 1911 to 1946, greatly increased from 1946 to 1964 when the Japanese rule ended, and gradually decreased since 1964. Over the past decade, the Saisiyat population was in serious decline. How many people among the less than 6,000 population can speak Saisiyat language? Language is the carrier of culture as well as the password. Without language, there will be no culture; without language, the people shall be on the verge of extinction. It’s a rather common phenomenon for Saisiyat people in Nanzhuang Township, Miaoli County to speak Hakka, but whether the decline of the Saisiyat population is acculturated, assimilated or integrated into the Hakka? Based on the period from 1905 when it was under the Japanese rule till now and taking a fair stand, the paper interprets the matrilocal marriage of the Saisiyat people in the region extending from the 10-li (about 5 kilometers) river sides at the upper stream of Zhonggang Stream, Miaoli County all the way down to Neiwan, and analyzes whether the intermarriage of the Saisiyat people and the Hakka would accelerate the growth or decline of the language or the blending of culture. From the perspectives of family& relatives, lifestyle, religion, worship and songs, the author adopts the qualitative research and restores foreign peoples’ long-term legend and depiction of the Saisiyat people by means of literature review, field investigation, in-depth interview and comparative research method, aiming to uncover Saisiyat’smysterious veil and observe the intermarriage of the Saisiyat people to the Hakka from a brand-new perspective.