日治時期台灣的客語教材研究-以《廣東語集成》為例
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2011
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《廣東語集成》(以下簡稱《集成》)是日治時期第一本由台灣人所編寫的客家話教材，有其重要的時代意義。本論文摘錄匯整其詞彙，藉以分析其語音及詞彙的特點。並將所整理出來的語料，與台灣客家話做歷時性與共時性的對照比較。
透過語料的分析，除了可以藉此了解日本人如何利用日語假名符號拼寫客家話之外，透過書中內容，也可以看到許多日治時期台灣社會制度發展的面向，以及台灣客家話借用日語詞彙的情形。與現代台灣客家話做對照比較，可以探究客家話因為時空環境不同所造成的變遷與異同。希望本論文的研究成果，可以做為現代客家話教材編撰的參考。
第一章「緒論」，說明研究動機與研究目的，其次述及近現代對於日治時期客家話教材之研究成果。介紹本論文主要以「文獻調查法」為主要的研究方法。
第二章「《集成》成書的原因及其內容」，介紹《集成》的作者生平及其成書背景。
第三章「日治時期台灣語的假名標音符號」，首先說明台灣語假名標音符號的製定與變遷過程，其次介紹《集成》所使用的假名符號，並以列表方式說明國際音標和《集成》符號的對照關係。
第四章「《集成》的語音系統」，介紹《集成》所呈現的客家話聲母、韻母、聲調以及變調情形。同時並與客家話各辭書做音系上的比較。
第五章「《集成》的詞彙現象」，首先介紹日治時期台灣客家話對於日語詞彙的借用情形。其次說明《廣東語集成》中詞彙受到閩南話影響的現象，再來分析《廣東語集成》中成為廢語或成為死語之詞彙所代表的意義。最後將其分類，逐項說明這些詞彙與現代客家話的差異。
第六章「結論」，說明研究成果，以及未來研究的方向。
“Guangdong Language Integration” is the first Hakkaness teaching materials written by a Taiwanese during Japanese occupation period (1895-1945) in Taiwan, which had an important meaning for that time. This thesis mainly used ' investigation methods of literature ' as the main research approach. I digested and composed those materials to analyze its pronunciation and vocabulary, then compared with modern Hakkaness in Taiwan. Consequently, I can probe into Taiwan social systems of this book‘s time backgrounds. Applying the methods that Japanese used including the phonetic symbol system, harmonious sounds system, and vocabulary, I can probe into the evolutions of Hakkaness because time and environment changed causing similarities and differences. I hope the results of this research can offer as a reference for teaching materials of the modern Hakkaness. Chapter one, ' introduction', explained firstly the research motives and research purposes, secondly stated the achievements of researching Hakkaness teaching materials during the period of 1895-1945 from the angle of modern time. Finally, introduced to the approaches of this thesis. Chapter two, ' analyzed the background story of author's integrated “Guangdong Language Integration” ', and introduced the life of the author and the book’s background. Chapter three, ' explained the Kana phonetic symbols of Taiwan language during the Japanese occupation period' , Proved firstly Taiwan language Kana phonetic symbols’ formations and evolutions , secondly introduced the Kana symbols used of “ Guangdong Language Integration” , then contrasted the International Phonetic Symbols(IPA) and the symbols of “Guangdong Language Integration” in a tabular way. Chapter four, 'the phonologic system of the language of “Guangdong Language Integration” ', introduced Hakkaness’ consonant, simple or compound vowel, tone appeared and changed in “Guangdong Language Integration”. Finally, combine and compare the phonologic systems within Hakkaness dictionaries. Chapter five, ' vocabulary phenomenon of “Guangdong Language Integration” ', introduced Hakkaness vocabulary borrowing from Japanese and Min-Nan dialect during that period at first. Analyzed the extinct and waste vocabulary then compared the differences with modern Hakka language finally. Chapter six, '‘Conclusion Summary', explained the research results, and the directions in the future study.
“Guangdong Language Integration” is the first Hakkaness teaching materials written by a Taiwanese during Japanese occupation period (1895-1945) in Taiwan, which had an important meaning for that time. This thesis mainly used ' investigation methods of literature ' as the main research approach. I digested and composed those materials to analyze its pronunciation and vocabulary, then compared with modern Hakkaness in Taiwan. Consequently, I can probe into Taiwan social systems of this book‘s time backgrounds. Applying the methods that Japanese used including the phonetic symbol system, harmonious sounds system, and vocabulary, I can probe into the evolutions of Hakkaness because time and environment changed causing similarities and differences. I hope the results of this research can offer as a reference for teaching materials of the modern Hakkaness. Chapter one, ' introduction', explained firstly the research motives and research purposes, secondly stated the achievements of researching Hakkaness teaching materials during the period of 1895-1945 from the angle of modern time. Finally, introduced to the approaches of this thesis. Chapter two, ' analyzed the background story of author's integrated “Guangdong Language Integration” ', and introduced the life of the author and the book’s background. Chapter three, ' explained the Kana phonetic symbols of Taiwan language during the Japanese occupation period' , Proved firstly Taiwan language Kana phonetic symbols’ formations and evolutions , secondly introduced the Kana symbols used of “ Guangdong Language Integration” , then contrasted the International Phonetic Symbols(IPA) and the symbols of “Guangdong Language Integration” in a tabular way. Chapter four, 'the phonologic system of the language of “Guangdong Language Integration” ', introduced Hakkaness’ consonant, simple or compound vowel, tone appeared and changed in “Guangdong Language Integration”. Finally, combine and compare the phonologic systems within Hakkaness dictionaries. Chapter five, ' vocabulary phenomenon of “Guangdong Language Integration” ', introduced Hakkaness vocabulary borrowing from Japanese and Min-Nan dialect during that period at first. Analyzed the extinct and waste vocabulary then compared the differences with modern Hakka language finally. Chapter six, '‘Conclusion Summary', explained the research results, and the directions in the future study.
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廣東語集成, 客家話, 日治時期, 客家話教材, 語音, 詞彙, “Guangdong Language Integration”, Hakka language, teaching material of Hakka language during Japanese occupation period, pronunciation, vocabulary