社會發展指標資料庫及地理資訊系統

Abstract

自1960年代開始，社會指標已成為世界各國作為政策分析與決策的重要工具。國 際組織例如聯合國、OECD亦於1970年代開始發展跨國的社會指標。行政院主計處於 2006年委託中央研究院社會科學研究中心執行「社會發展政策統計與調查資料庫規劃 案」，以建構「社會政策指標資料庫」，並提供各項統計資料應用於地理資訊系統 (GIS)架構，而GIS部分則是由中央研究院GIS研究中心負責執行。此計劃分為三期， 第一期是2006-2007年，社會指標的建構包括：社會福利、犯罪治安與教育三個領 域。第二期是2008-2010年，指標領域包括：醫療衛生、公共安全及勞動就業三個領 域。最後一期是2012-2013年，這個階段的任務不僅需要發展：人口與家庭、所得與 分配、居住與環境、社會參與等四個領域的社會指標，同時也需要建構上述十大領域 之一般指標及領先指標之綜合指標架構。此外，各期的研究報告也都針對現有政府指 標提出相關的建議，例如指標的內容、定義、資料來源及資料單位等。至於社會指標 資料庫與地理資訊系統的連結，此部分是由中研院GIS研究中心負責，透過此系統可 以顯示出社會指標資料的空間特性，隨著網路地理資訊系統(Web-GIS)的運用，使用 者可以直接透過網路瀏覽相關資訊，未來將可提升社會指標運用的效益與效率。

Social indicator systems have been regareded as important policy tools for public policy analyses and policy-making around the world since the 1960s. International organizations such as UN and OECD also began developing cross-national social indicators in the 1970s. Council for Economic Planning and Development, Taiwan constructed social welfare indicators during the mid-1970s. At the end of the 1970s, Directorate- General of Budget, Accountig and Statistics, Execcutive Yuan further started publishing the annual report of social indicators in Taiwan. Taiwan’s academic community also responded to this so-called social indicator movement in the 1980s, and the related conference proceedings as well as books have been published since that time period. Hence, the development of the social indicator system of Taiwan has been near forty years. Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica has implemented the project for constructing “Social Policy Indicator Database” since 2006, which was sponsored by the Directorate-General of Budget, Accountig and Statistics, Execcutive Yuan. There are three phases of this project. From 2006 to 2007, three areas of social indicators had been developed including social welfare, crime and public safety, and education. The second phase was from 2008-2010. The indicators regarding the areas of public health, public safety, and labor and employment had been added into the database. The third phase is from 2012-2013. There are four other areas which will be integrated into the database, i.e., population and family, income and distribution, residence and environment, social participation. The policy recommendations for the construction of the social indicators in the above ten areas will be proposed by the research team. As for the application of the GIS in this database, the GIS Research Center of Academia Sinica is in charge of this task and the main function of this task is to show spatial mapping of all social indicators. Policy makers can get access to the spatial-distributed data online directly by the web-based GIS system, which will enhance both the effectiveness and efficiency of the utilization of social indicators for public policy analyses and policy-making in Taiwan.