苗栗市高中學生課後運動行為及其影響因素調查研究

Abstract

本研究主要是在瞭解苗栗市高中學生課後運動行為之現況，並探討其個人背景因素、運動結果期待、運動自我效能、運動社會支持及運動阻礙因素與運動行為間的關係。以苗栗市兩所高中（職）日間部的學生為研究對象，採分層隨機抽樣法，並以問卷調查法進行資料收集，得有效樣本544人。所得資料以敘述統計、卡方檢定、單因子變異數分析、薛費氏事後比較及皮爾森積差相關等統計方法處理分析。結果發現： 一、研究對象從事規律性運動行為的比率男生（74%）較女生（58%）高；在每週運動次數方面，不分性別，大多數的學生皆以每週運動2次居多；且男生每次運動時間較女生長。 二、研究對象大都與同學或朋友一起從事運動；學校為其最常去的運動場所；籃球及騎腳踏車是男女學生課後最常從事的運動項目。 三、在運動結果期待方面，課後有參加補習者比無參加補習者得分較高。 四、研究對象的運動自我效能普遍不高，男生高於女生；高中高於高職；參加運動社團者高於參加非運動社團者。 五、研究對象所獲得的運動社會支持偏低，朋友是其主要的運動社會支持來源，主要是提供情緒及訊息方面的支持，而工具方面的支持較少。 六、在運動阻礙因素方面，研究對象認為課業太過繁忙、沒有閒暇時間等因素，較有可能阻礙其課後參與運動行為。 本研究發現，研究對象的運動行為會因個人背景因素及社會影響因素之不同而有顯著差異。學校為學生最常去的運動場所，建議適度開放校園的運動設施、設備，以利學生及社區民眾從事運動行為使用。The study aims to survey the current situation of the after-schoolexercise behavior of the high school students in Miao-li, including personal backgrounds, exercise expected results, exercise efficiency, exercise social support, exercise interferences, and the relationship between one and another exercise. 544 efficient subjects were selected by the a stratified random sampling method, from two high schools in Maio-li, and were surveyed with questionnaires. The acquired data was then dealt with through Descriptives, Chi-square, One-way ANOVA, Scheff’s posterior comparison and Pearson’s product-moment correlation, The results were listed as below: （1）The percentage of those with regular exercise was higher among the boys (74%) than among the girls (58%). In both groups of the boys and the girls, most of the subjects exercise twice a week, with the percentage of 32% and 43% respectively. Moreover, the duration of the boys’ exercising was longer. （2）Most of the subjects take exercise with their classmates or friends, and the school was where they may go most frequently. Without difference between the sexes, basketball and cycling turn out to be the most popular items. （3）In the respect of expected results, those who attend cram schools tend to get high scores than those who do not. （4）The efficiency of the subjects was not high, which was higher among the boys than among the girls, senior high school students than vocational high school students, sporting-club participants than non-sporting-club participants. （5）There was not much social support that the subjects can get. The major one was from their friends, providing mainly emotional and informative supports, but less in the aspect of facilities. （6）With respect to the interferences, the subjects consider their busy studies, little free time, etc. to be the factors that may hamper their participation of the exercise behavior. After school. It was found in this study that the exercise behavior of the subjects tends to vary in accordance with the personal background and the social factors, School turn out to be the most popular place where students would go exercising. It was therefore suggested that facilities on campus be open to the students and the people in communities to increase the popularity of exercise behaviors.