男子跳馬前手翻團身前空翻兩周動作與一周動作之運動學比較分析

Abstract

本研究目的在探討優秀世界級跳馬選手前手翻團身前空翻二周的動作，並與先前 文獻之前空翻一周相比較: 受試者乃是 1998 年中華汽車盃國際邀請賽羅馬尼亞冠軍選手。 二台高速攝影機 (60 張 / 秒 ) 同步記錄受試者的表現。 結果發現受試者的第一飛程的水 平速度和第二飛程垂直速度的快慢乃是成功表現的重要因素，團身位置應出現在重心最高點 之前，而較大的垂直速度可造成第二飛程有較高的高度與較長的飛行時間，同增加著地的穩 定性。建議國內跳馬選手應在助跑期間達到快速的水平速度，再藉著觸馬期間的強有力的推 撐動作增大垂直速度，以此獲得較高的第二飛程拋物線軌跡，以增加著地的成功率。

With the skill development in the vaulting event in male gymnastics, it was important to decrease the error and improve the performance throught the biomechanical analysis. Takei(1991) reported that gymnastics had greater center of mass(CM) horizontal velocities of hurdle and preflight, and departed form the horse with significantly greater vertical velocity of CM, which resulted in significantly greater height, larger distance, and longer time of postflight. The horizontal velocity and vertical velocity of CM at horse takeoff are important factors of successful performance. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify the mechanical factors that are associated with successful performance of the handspring forward and double salto forward turn of vaulting, and (b) to compare the results of the present study with those of the 1988 Olympic gymnasts to gain insight for improvement of performance. The subject was a world class Romanian gymnast competing in the 1998 China Motor International Gymnastic Cup Championship in Taipei. Two Peak-Performance high speed video cameras operated at 60Hz were simultaneously used to record the performance of the subject. Demperster (1955) inertial characteristics of body segments were used to calculate the subject's body CM. Kinematic variables were calculated by Peak Performance Motus system, and the raw data was filtered with Butterworth algorithm. The results (Table I indicated the followings: (I ) The better gymnast had greater horizontal and vertical velocity of CM at hurdle and horse takeoff, (2 ) The better gymnast had greater vertical displacement of CM during the postflight phase. (3 ) The better gymnast had a longer postflight time which will help control during landing.