家庭脈絡對大學生心理福祉的影響

Abstract

本研究運用「雙重ABC-X家庭壓力模式」（Double ABC-X Model of Family Stress）及文獻探討發展研究架構，探討在不同父母婚姻互動家庭的家庭脈絡因子對個體心理福祉發展之影響。本研究目的如下為：(1)探討家庭壓力事件、家庭經濟資源、家庭情感資源、知覺家庭經濟狀況和知覺與父母關係滿意等對子女心理福祉之持續影響；(2)驗證雙重ABC-X家庭壓力理論的心理福祉發展影響模式於不同婚姻互動家庭的理論適用性。本研究採量化研究方法，運用八年貫時性追蹤調查的二級資料，研究對象由國一連續追蹤至大二。本研究有效樣本644位（男生259人、女生385人）。研究運用Amos 7.0版以結構方程模式進行統計分析，研究結果如下：一、家庭壓力事件中父母婚姻不和諧對子女心理福祉有負面影響，父母離婚對子女心理福祉的影響不顯著。二、家庭經濟資源減低知覺家庭經濟狀況貧窮感；家庭經濟資源亦提升家庭情感資源，進一步提升知覺與父母關係滿意，在三類父母婚姻互動家庭中皆一致。 三、在三類家庭中，家庭情感資源皆透過知覺與父母關係滿意間接影響心理苦惱；在離婚家庭中，家庭情感資源可直接減少子女心理苦惱，在不和諧家庭中，家庭情感資源卻會直接增加子女心理苦惱。四、不同家庭中資源和資源知覺對自尊滿足影響力有差異：在和諧家庭中，家庭經濟資源和家庭情感對自尊滿足有直接影響力；在不和諧與離婚家庭中，家庭經濟資源透過知覺家庭經濟狀況間接影響自尊滿足；家庭情感資源透過知覺與父母關係滿意間接影響自尊滿足。五、國、高中時的家庭資源與家庭資源知覺等潛在變項透過高二心理福祉對大學時的心理福祉有持續影響力；研究中家庭脈絡因子對子女心理苦惱解釋力介於17%至49%；自尊滿足介於29至34%，在離婚家庭中解釋力最大。六、驗證「雙重ABC-X家庭壓力理論的心理福祉發展影響模式」適配度良好以及在不同婚姻互動家庭內皆有理論應用性。根據研究結果，對大學生與父母、家庭及家庭教育相關機構、對政府政策及未來研究等提出建議。

Double ABC-X Model of Family Stress provides a main framework to test the model of the associations among family context and psychological well-being (psychological distress and self-esteem satisfaction). The purpose of this study is to examine the long-term impact of family stressors, economic resources, family affective resources, the perception of economic strain and the perception of parent-child relationship satisfaction on offspring’s psychological well-being; there are group differences involved in the direct and indirect links between family resources, the perception of family resources and offspring’s psychological well-being. Our analysis was based on an 8-year panel study (1996-2003) of long-term Taiwanese adolescent development and adaptation, containing 644 students. The data is analyzed by structural equation models (Amos 7.0 program) with latent variables. The results support the hypothesis shows that (a) parent marital discord predicts later early adults’ psychological well-being. (b)There is consistency between three groups of parent marital interaction family (low discord family, high discord family and divorce family)-- the family economic resources decrease the perception of economic strain directly; the family economic resources increase family affective resources directly; the family affective resources increase the perception of parent-child relationship satisfaction. (c) Family affective resources decrease offspring’s psychological distress directly at divorce family; on the contrary, family affective resources increase offspring’s psychological distress directly at high discord family. (d) Economic resources and family affection resources have a direct positively effect on self-esteem satisfaction at low discord family; however, the family resources have no such direct effect at both divorce family and high discord family; it only affects self-esteem satisfaction indirectly by positively affecting the perception of family resources. (e) The early family resources and family resources perception have long-term effects on later psychological well-being; and economic resources, family affective resources, the perception of economic strain and the perception of parent-child relationship satisfaction can be used to explain offspring’s psychological well-being with effectiveness from 17% to 49%. (f)The overall fit of the model was good at the three groups of parent marital interaction family. Finally, according to the results of this study, suggestions are proposed for early adults, parents, schools, family education, other promotion organizations, the public and government, and the research studies in the future.