以社會-生態系統觀點強化原住民韌性部落-以福山部落為例

Abstract

原住民部落面臨著內在或外在的影響要素，讓原住民部落陷入艱難的發展狀況，因此建立部落韌性對於部落來說非常重要，然而相關研究以災害相關韌性為主要，而影響原住民部落的影響要素除了災害，還有社會與治理面向，因此本研究希望建立更完整面向之部落韌性，透過訪談深度訪談法與參與觀察法，探討福山部落在災害、社會、治理等面向組成的部落韌性，以下為本研究整理出的研究結果:一、社會組織的重要性，無論是災害、社會、治理韌性，其內涵皆有強調要建立社會組織，如災害韌性中的防災團體、社會韌性中的福山部落在地組織，及治理韌性中的部落會議及在地治理組織，顯示建立組織位於三個韌性系統的交會點，建立了良好的組織，並串聯起部落居民建立共識、凝聚力後，可同時建構三個韌性系統，因此在建立部落韌性系統，可先從建立組織開始。二、傳統生態知識貫穿在韌性系統中，如在社會韌性中建構的傳統文化深植於部落族人心中，在災害時可以讓部落族人遵循傳統知識及gaga所規定之規範進行災害調適，故傳統生態知識及文化對於建立部落韌性而言，無疑是相當重要之概念，如封溪護漁概念，從泰雅族的傳統gaga出發，除了可用於保護環境，建立生態韌性外，也可提供部落居民工作機會。三、公部門在福山部落韌性的重要角色，在災害韌性建構中，福山部落是依照烏來區公所的指揮、以及國軍進駐、直升機載運物資和載居民前往新店等，皆是由公部門主導；社會韌性發展生態旅遊活動在初期也適合採行與公部門協力的方式；治理韌性則強調了與公部門協力推動治理，如與烏來區公所合作推動封溪護漁護溪措施。最後期許後續研究可以針對福山部落社會組織、德拉楠民族實驗學校以及公部門能有更多解析及探究，以在後續研究中補足福山部落韌性不足之處。Due to the indigenous tribe face the intrinsic and extrinsic disturbance elements, let indigenous tribe face the hard develop situation, so building tribal resilience is very important for tribes. However, the indigenous tribal resilience research focuses on disaster-related resilience, and the disturbant elements affecting indigenous tribes are not only disasters, but also social and governance aspects. Therefore, this study hopes to establish a more complete tribal resilience, through in-depth interview method and participatory observation method, to explore Fushan tribal resilience with disaster, social and govern aspect. The following are the findings of this study:1.the importance of the social organization: Whether it is disaster, social, govern resilience, its connotation emphasizes the establishment of social organizations, such as disaster prevention group, Fushan local organization in social resilience, tribal meeting and local govern organization in govern resilience. It shows that the establishment of the organization is located at the intersection of the three resilience systems. After connecting the tribal residents to build consensus and cohesion, three resilience systems can be constructed at the same time. Therefore, the establishment of the tribal resilience system can start with building social organization.2. Our research finds that traditional ecological knowledge permeates resilient systems, For example, the Atayal traditional culture keep in tribal people’s mind, so they can use traditional knowledge and gaga to do the disaster adaption. Therefore, traditional ecological knowledge and culture are undoubtedly important concepts for building tribal resilience. For example, the River Close concept, Starting from the traditional gaga of the Atayal, in addition to protecting the environment andbuilding ecological resilience, it can also provide job opportunities for tribal residents.3.The public sector play an important role in Fushan tribal resilience, in disaster resilience building, Fushan Tribe is under the command of the Wulai District Office, as well as the entry of the national army, the delivery of supplies by helicopter, and the delivery of residents to Xindian, all of which are led by the public sector. In social resilience, When we start to develop the ecotourism, are also suitable for adopting a collaborative approach with the public sector. Govern resilience emphasizes cooperating with the public sector to promote governance, For example, Fushan tribe can do the River Close with Wulai district office.At the end of the study, it is hoped that follow-up research can have more analysis and exploration on the social organizations of Fushan Tribes, Tranan National Experimental School and the public sector, so as to make up for the deficiencies of Fushan Tribe's resilience in follow-up research.