中老年人的社會聯繫與心理福祉

Abstract

本研究旨在探討中老年人的社會聯繫類型，並進一步分析社會聯繫與心理福祉之關聯。應用2012年「臺灣社會變遷基本調查」第六期三次「社會階層組」的調查資料，選取年齡50歲（含）以上者為分析樣本，共計890位。本文使用潛在類別分析（Latent Class Analysis）方法，以社會聯繫的「社會接觸」、「社會支持」和「社團參與」三個面向，建構中老年人的社會聯繫類型。主要之研究發現如下： 一、中老年人的社會聯繫類型可分為：「家庭親近支持型」、「家庭親近獨立型」、「親友緊密支持社團活躍型」，以及「親友緊密支持型」四個類型。 二、中老年人的個人背景因素，在社會聯繫類型呈現差異。屬於「家庭親近支持型」和「家庭親近獨立型」的中老年人，特徵為女性、年齡較長、教育程度國中（含）以下、無偶、無工作或退休，且自評健康和經濟狀況較差者。屬於「親友緊密支持型」和「親友緊密支持社團活躍型」的中老年人，特徵為男性、中年世代、教育程度高中職或大專院校（含）以上、有偶、有工作，且自評健康和經濟較佳者。 三、中老年人的健康狀況、經濟情況對心理福祉具有影響力。 四、中老年人的社會聯繫類型對心理福祉有顯著影響，相較於「家庭親近支持型」和「家庭親近獨立型」，屬於「親友緊密支持型」和「親友緊密支持社團活躍型」的中老年人心理福祉顯著較佳。

關鍵字：社會聯繫、心理福祉、中老年人、臺灣社會變遷基本調查

This research aimed to examine the social connection types among middle-aged and older adults, and analyze the association between social connection and well-being. Data were taken from the 2012 Taiwan Social Change Survey. The age of the samples (N=890) is 50 and above . This study uses Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to develop a typology based on three dimensions of social connection: social contact, social support, and social participation. Findings of the study indicate: 1. Social connection among the middle-aged and older adults comprises four distinct types: "Family- close support", "Family- close independent", "Relatives and friends- close support", and " Relatives and friends- close support with community active". 2. The personal background factors of middle-aged and older adults show differences in the types of social connections. Middle-aged and older adults belonging to the types of "Family- close support" and "Family- close independent" are characterized by female, older adult, whose education level were below (inclusive of) junior high school, who are not married or have no job or are retired, and whose health and economic conditions are worse. Middle-aged and older adults belonging to the types of "Relatives and friends- close support" and " Relatives and friends- close support with community active" are characterized by male, middle-aged adults, whose education level were of high school or college and universities, who are married or are employed, and whose health and economic conditions are better. 3. The health and economic conditions of middle-aged and older adults have an influence on well-being. 4.The social connection types of middle-aged and older adults have a significant impact on well-being. In comparison, the well-being of middle-aged and older adults that belong to the types of "Relatives and friends- close support" and " Relatives and friends- close support with community active" is significantly better than the well-being of the other two types.

Keywords: Social Connection, Well-being, Middle-aged and Older Adults, Taiwan Social Change Survey