孩子眼中的父親--學齡前幼兒及其父親對父親參與的知覺研究

Abstract

本研究目的在瞭解學齡前幼兒及其父親對父親參與的知覺及親子知覺之差距；並探討幼兒的性別、單雙薪家庭結構、家庭社經地位、父親每週工作時數與幼兒知覺及父親知覺的父親參與之間的關係。本研究以就讀於台中市立案幼稚園之140名大班幼兒及其父親為研究樣本，研究工具包括「父職參與量表」及「照片識別任務」，並以t考驗、單因子變異數分析等方法分析資料。本研究主要的研究發現如下： 一、父親知覺之父親參與多，尤以「情感參與」方面最多。 二、幼兒知覺的父親參與少，其中以「親子教養」最多，「勞務參與」最少。 三、親子知覺之差距大，尤其「情感參與」方面差距最大。 四、幼兒的性別、家庭社經地位與幼兒知覺及父親知覺之父親參與無關。 五、雙薪家庭的幼兒及父親知覺到的父親整體參與及「勞務參與」面向顯著高於單薪家庭的幼兒及父親。 六、父親每週工作時數為「41~50小時」的幼兒知覺到的父親整體參與及「勞務參與」顯著高於父親每週工作時數為「51小時以上」的幼兒；父親每週工作時數與父親知覺之父親參與無關。

本研究根據以上結果提出建議，作為未來研究之參考。

The purposes of this study are to understand preschool children’s and their fathers’ perception of father involvement, the difference between father’s and children’s perception of father involvement, and to understand the relation between the perception and the gender of children, single and dual-earner family, family socio-economic status, and weekly working hours of father. The subjects were 140 young children who studied in the registered kindergartens in Taichung City and their fathers. The measurements applied in this study included Paternal Involvement Scale and Picture Recognition Task. The data from the questionnaire were statistically analyzed by t-test and one-way ANOVA. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. Fathers’ perception of father involvement tended high, especially in “emotional involvement”. 2. Children’ perception of father involvement tended low, the “discipline involvement” is the highest, and the “chores involvement” is the lowest. 3. The difference between fathers’ and children’s perception of father involvement is large, especially in “emotional involvement”. 4. The gender of children and the family socio-economic status is non-related to children’s and their fathers’ perception of father involvement. 5. The perception of fathers’ overall involvement and chores involvement of the children and their fathers from Dual-earner families is apparently higher than the perception of the children and their fathers from single-earner family. 6. The perception of fathers’ overall involvement and chores involvement of the children whose fathers work 41~50 hours a week is apparently higher than the perception of those whose fathers work more than 51 hours a week. Weekly working hours of father is irrelevant to fathers’ perception of father involvement

Suggestions are made according to the results shown above for future studies.