不同視覺環境之跳繩運動訓練對智能障礙者平衡能力的影響

Abstract

本研究目的主要在探討八週不同視覺環境之跳繩運動訓練介入，對輕度智能障礙者平衡能力的影響。受試者共有21位輕度智能障礙，年齡介於15到18歲之間，依其意願分組為實驗組的明眼跳繩組（n= 7, mean age 17.2± 1.1, hight 165.4± 12.9/cm, wight 63.2± 8.4/kg）、矇眼跳繩組（n= 7, mean age 16.7± 1.2, hight 162.3± 9.3/cm, wight 62.4± 13.7/kg）與控制組（n= 7, mean age 16. 5 ± 0.8, hight 162.1± 11.0/cm, wight 57.1± 15.3/kg）。實驗組進行八週的跳繩運動，每週三次，每次運動時間為三十分鐘。三組分別在介入前、後進行閉眼單腳站立、平衡木檢測，將測驗所得資料以相依樣本t考驗和單因子共變異數分析進行統計分析，結果如下： 一、在靜態平衡方面：實驗組的明眼跳繩組與矇眼跳繩組，在閉眼單足站立測驗之相依樣本t考驗中，有顯著的改善(p<.05)；控制組則沒有改善。 二、在動態平衡方面：實驗組在通過平衡木的測驗之相依樣本t考驗中，雖未達(p<.05)之顯著差異，但其通過之時間有減少的現象；控制組則沒有差異。 三、 三組經共變數分析比較，結果顯示實驗組之動、靜態平衡能力皆優於控制組(p<.01) 。 四、以事後比較分析，發現矇眼跳繩組在動、靜態平衡能力的改善效果優於明眼跳繩組。 本研究之結論為，八週不同視覺環境之跳繩運動訓練，能顯著改善輕度智能障礙的靜態與動態平衡能力，且矇眼跳繩組的改善效果優於明眼跳繩組。

The purpose of the study was to investigate the eight-week role of vision in rope skipping training for balance development in the mild mental retardation. Totally twenty-one mild mental retardation volunteers, aged from 15 to 18 years old. Twenty-one subjects were assigned to three experimental groups as they wish, one was full-vision（n= 7, mean age 17.2± 1.1, hight 165.4± 12.9/cm, wight 63.2± 8.4/kg） another was no-vision（n= 7, mean age 16.7± 1.2, hight 162.3± 9.3/cm, wight 62.4± 13.7/kg）and the other was control group（n= 7, mean age 16. 5 ± 0.8, hight162.1± 11.0/cm, wight 57.1± 15.3/kg）. Experimental groups were lasting 40 minutes per time, 3 times a week, eight weeks of rope skipping training programs. Each subject had to be examined with the following tests, including one-leg stance test with eye-closed and walking on the balance beam, before training and final-test. All the data were collected and analyzed with paired t-test and one-way ACOVA. The results were shown as followed： 1. In the static balance, experimental groups including full-vision and no-vision were significantly improved after t-test, one-leg stance test with eye- closed (p<.05); however, the control group was not significantly improved. 2. In the dynamic balance, experimental groups were not significantly improved after t-test (p<.05), but the time of walking on the balance beam was incidenct; the control group was not significantly improved. 3. one-way ACOVA, the results shown experimental groups were batter than the control group in the static and dynamic balance (p<.01). 4. After the comparison and analysis in the static balance and dynamic balance, two experimental groups improved that no-vision were batter than full-vision. The conclusion was that the eight-week rope skipping training programs could improve mild mental retardation of static balance and dynamic ability, and the no-vision group were batter than full-vision group.