臺北市高齡者身體活動與看電視對過重肥胖關係之研究

Abstract

摘要 背景：許多研究已經證實身體活動量不充足會提升過重肥胖之機率。近年來看電視已經成為許多高齡者主要的久坐行為進而造成過重肥胖問題，但鮮少研究同時探討休閒時間身體活動與看電視對於高齡者過重肥胖之關係。因此，本研究試圖進行高齡者大樣本資料蒐集，探討高齡者休閒時間身體活動、看電視與過重肥胖之關聯性。方法：本研究為橫斷性研究，採用2015年居住於臺北市12個行政區，年齡65歲以上高齡者，共1068份有效樣本。採用電腦輔助電話訪談，蒐集高齡者在休閒時間身體活動(LTPA)、看電視(TV)與社會人口背景(性別、年齡、教育程度)、BMI等資料；使用描述性統計、二元邏輯斯迴歸；在合併分析時，將自變項分成兩組(LTPA[充足≥150分鐘/不充足<150分鐘]、TV[高≥2小時/低<2小時])進行合併分析，並計算出勝算比 (odd ratios, OR) 及95%信賴區間 (confidence interval, CI)。結果：社會人口因素分析結果，年齡大於75歲、休閒時間身體活動低於150分鐘、男性、看電視大於 2小時等，都有較高風險機率成為過重肥胖。合併分析結果，75歲以上的高齡者，若休閒時間身體活動低於150分鐘且每天看電視時間超過2小時者，有較高風險機率達到過重肥胖 (OR 2.23; CI, 1.06-4.66)；其次是男性在休閒時間身體活動低於150分鐘但每天看電視時間低於2小時者，則會有較低風險達到過重肥胖 (OR 0.28; CI, 0.09-0.84)。結論：基於上述結果，本研究發現75歲以上高齡者、男性高齡者，於休閒時間身體活動與看電視時間，都可能為罹患過重肥胖的風險因子族群。因此未來研究及健康施政策略應該考慮推動高齡者休閒時間身體活動之外，更應減少看電視時間，特別是在男性及年紀較大的高齡者。 關鍵詞：老人、身體活動、久坐行為、BMI、臺北市

Abstract Background: The associations of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and television viewing (TV) time with being overweight/obese are unclear among older adults, particularly among those living in Asian metropolis areas. Methods: This study examined a sample comprising 1,068 Taiwanese older adults living in Taipei city (aged ≥65 years). Analyses were performed using cross-sectional data collected through computer-assisted telephone interviews in 2015. Data on LTPA, TV viewing time, sociodemographic variables, high and weight were collated in the study. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of the participants, 42.1% were overweight/obesity. After the sociodemographic variables were stratified, for gender, older men who were high TV viewing time were 1.63 time (95% CI=1.01-2.63) more likely to have overweight/obesity. Regarding age, older adults who were aged ≥75 years and having insufficient LTPA were more likely to have overweight/obesity (OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.05-2.63). The combined analysis, for gender, compared with the reference category (sufficiently LTPA/Low TV viewing time), older men who were insufficiently LTPA/low TV viewing time were (OR=0.28, 95% CI=0.09-0.84) times less likely to have overweight/obesity. Regarding age, older adults who were aged ≥75 years and having insufficient LTPA/high TV time were associated with higher risk with overweight/obesity (OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.06-4.65). Conclusion: Insufficient LTPA and excessive TV viewing time were contributed to overweight/obesity in metropolis’s older adults, particular aged 75 years or older and men. Therefore, the intervention designer and government should consider both promoting LTPA and reducing excessive TV viewing time for health in metropolis older adult. Key words: elderly, physical activity, sedentary behavior, BMI, Taipei city