板族的烏托邦:空間流轉中的滑板運動

Abstract

一個街頭的草根性運動，在台灣發展將近十年；直到三年前陸續出現板族趨之若鶩的烏托邦空間－極限運動公園－出現，這個空間的出現讓街頭頓失不少板族蹤影。公園空間的存在的確讓板族有不同的想像，只是在研究者觀察裡，板族又陸續回到街頭。對於滑板玩家來說，極限公園的空間與街頭空間的氛圍迥異，公園的存在是官方為了方便練習而建立，這二個空間的不同並非顯示對立的狀態，相反地，我們可以觀察到玩家往返於二個空間的互補心態。 本文從台北市二個具有代表性的滑板空間為文本，一為中山極限運動公園，另一則為中山堂廣場，以參與及訪談方式觀察滑玩家在空間裡生活方式，藉此釐清滑板族群空間的往返並不只是心態上的互補，空間裡的生活方式其實就是滑板的精神。本文研究首先從二個空間裡族群意識的差異做切入，以法國學家列斐伏爾(Henri Lefebvre，1901-1991)的觀點來解讀滑板族群（以下簡稱板族）流動於二個空間的生活方式。列氏以精闢的空間生產理論來詮釋身體與空間的關係，呈現的概念是「空間作為一種知識、權力的象徵」與「空間給予人們身體的想像」之間的關係。 本文研究以時下的流行觀點切入滑板世界，說明特定青少年族群喜愛滑板的心理。文獻探討部分，以列斐伏爾的空間生產概念，列氏強調空間研究無法秉棄政治與經濟的影響因素，因此將結合傅柯(M.Foucoult)的「異質空間」論點作為本文空間論述的基礎。板族在二個空間裡的展演方式大同小異，呈現的是身體感知空間的不變歷程，反過來說，空間的發展其實也刻劃著板族生活的真實面；而再現街頭不啻是板族認同自我的表現，更者，也表達對整個體制現狀的不滿。Skateboard, a grass-roots sport on the street, has been in Taiwan for almost ten years. Three years ago, a succession of utopian spaces—extreme sport parks—have appeared and caught skateboarders’ attention. Because of that, there were suddenly fewer skateboarders on the street. The space in the park did make the skateboarders have different imaginations, but according to the researcher’s observation, the skateboarders went back to the street one after another. For the skateboard players, the space in the park was completely different from the space on the street. The park was built by the government for convenient practice. The differences of these two spaces didn’t mean opposites. On the contrary, we could observe the players’ attempt to complement these two spaces by traveling between one and the other. The texts used in this thesis are two representative spaces in Taipei City. One is Zhong Shan Extreme Sport Park; the other is Zhongshan Hall Square. The researcher participated in the sport and interviewed the skateboarders to observe their lifestyle in the spaces. The purpose was to clarify the skateboarders’ position to travel between spaces: They did so not only for mental complementary. Actually, the lifestyle in spaces was the spirit of skateboard. This thesis begins with the differences of the community ideologies in the two spaces. In French scholar, Henri Lefebvre’s(1901-1991) viewpoint, the thesis explains skateboarders’ lifestyle of floating between two spaces. With his brilliant theory--production of space--, Lefebvre explains the relationship between body and space: a relationship between “space as a symbol of knowledge and power” and “space giving people the imagination of body.” This thesis understands the world of skateboard from a prevailing point of view, explaining the reasons why specific adolescent community love skateboard. As for theory study, the researcher applies Lefebvre’s notion of production of space, in which Lefebvre highlights that the research on space cannot be free from the influence of politics and economics. Therefore, to discuss space, the researcher also applies M. Foucoult’s viewpoint of “heterotopia” as the basis. Though in two spaces, the skateboarders demonstrate themselves in similar ways, presenting the consistent process in which their bodies precept spaces. On the other hand, the development of spaces also portrays the skateboarders’ real lives. Furthermore, the skateboarders reappear on the street not only for identifying themselves but also for expressing their dissatisfaction with the present situation.