穩定就業之女性智能障礙者友誼維持行為探究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討已穩定就業的女性智能障礙者其友誼維持行為的探討。本研究探用質性研究之「半結構式深度訪談法」，並以「立意取樣」之方式，挑選出3位已穩定就業但職種及家庭背景不盡相同的女性智能障礙者進行深度訪談，由她們的友誼故事呈現與分析其友誼維持情形、影響友誼維持行為的因素以及在友誼維持上曾遭遇過的困難和調適策略。研究發現如下： 一、穩定就業的女性智能障礙者其友誼互動能發揮擅長的能力，其中「互動陪伴」、「支持關心」、「正向積極」此三種行為是普遍出現的友誼維持行為。「表達情感」、「開放溝通」的行為則較不常出現。另外女性智能障礙者能利用交友網站結織異性友人，且能以手機行動應用程式與朋友聯繫甚至建立群組，對友誼連結有相當大的助益。 二、「自我概念」、「金錢與自主時間管理能力」、「語言能力」、「生活經驗」、「家人」以及「婚姻」此七項為影響穩定就業的女性智能障礙者友誼維持的主要因素。 三、穩定就業的女性智能障礙者在交友與人際互動中的困難主要為無法清楚表達想法、生活經驗受限以及無法拒絕家人對交友上的意見。 四、穩定就業的女性智能障礙者在交友與人際互動中，能善用可行的策略解決困難。 依據本研究結果，提出建議以供特殊教育工作者參考：教導社會技巧、教導與昔日同學的維持友誼的策略、教導開啟職場的友諠、建立強化學生自我保護意識、提升學生休閒規劃能力、透過親師溝通協助家長了解孩子需求。期望本研究能對成年智能障礙者具有參考依循之正面意義，並讓教育工作者更重視女性智能障礙者等相關友誼議題，提供良好支持方案。The research focuses exploring the friendship-maintenance behavior of women with mental disabilities who have been stably employed. In this research we selected the semi-structured interview for qualitative research, and used the purposive sampling method to select three women with mental disabilities who have stable employment but different job types and family backgrounds to interview. By their friendship stories we analyzed their friendship maintenance situation, the factors that affect their friendship maintenance behavior, and the difficulties and adjustment strategies they had encountered in the friendship maintenance. The research showed the followings:

1. Some advantages were found for female persons with mental disabilities who are stably employed to interact with others in friendship. Their friendship was maintained by the three behaviors or attitudes of “interactive companionship“, “support and care” and “positive”. “Express emotions” and “openly communication” were less found. In addition, women with mental disabilities may use dating websites to make friends of the opposite sex, and can use mobile apps to connect with friends or even establish groups, which is of great help to friendship connections. 2." Self-concept", " independently money and time management skills", "language skills", "life experience", "family" and "marriage" are the main factors that affect the maintenance of friendship of female mentally impaired persons who have stable employment. 3. The difficulty in making friends and interpersonal communication for women with mental disability and stable employment is mainly the inability to clearly express their ideas, limited life experience, and the inability to reject family members’ suggestions on making friends. 4. In making friends and interpersonal communication, female with intellectual disabilities in stable employment can make good use of the strategies. Based on the results of this research, suggestions were made for the reference of special educators: teaching social skills, teaching strategies for maintaining friendship with former classmates, teaching to make friend with colleagues, establishing and strengthening students’ self-protection awareness, enhancing students’ leisure activities planning ability, Parent-teacher communication helps parents understand their children's needs. It is hoped that this research will enable educators to pay more attention on friendship issues of women with intellectual disabilities and provide good support programs.