公共藝術移置評核機制之研究

Abstract

臺灣自一九九二年公布《文化藝術獎助條例》，而後於一九九八年開始實施《公共藝術設置辦法》，在文化部（前文化建設委員會）鼓勵和監督之下，公共藝術開始蓬勃發展。據官方統計，自一九九八年至二〇一一年全國設置作品已達二一七一件，目前數量仍持續成長中。多年來由於公民之審美和人文意識提升，以及公共空間功能轉換，部份作品啟用後在管理上出現維修困難，或是和商業發展、公共安全、民俗信仰相互牴觸，甚至民眾反應觀感不佳等相關問題。

本論文整理國內、外公共藝術政策實施之文獻資料，包括法令、設置、管理、評核、獎勵和拆遷等制度；並做出移除、移置案例說明和分析，透過「公共藝術獎和移置認同度」問卷調查，以SPSS統計軟體分析，觀察社會大眾對現行公共藝術評核標準之認同；將問卷案例帶入藝術家、專業人士和專家深度訪談，以探究各方人士對於公共藝術的「設置成效」和「移置機制」共識之所在。

研究結果及分析發現：民眾對公共藝術的美感和安全評價，與評審單位給予獎勵或移置的相關程度並不顯著，綜合問卷調查結果和專家觀點，歸納出從政策面切入，強化民眾參與、落實作品票選機制，並建立公共藝術啟用後之「移置評核機制」，更進一步調整公共藝術基金運作方式、成立「公共藝術移置專屬園區」，將有助於保持我國公共藝術動能，並使公共藝術制度更加完善。Following the Culture and Arts Reward Act established in 1992, and the Regulations Governing the Installation of Public Artwork implemented in 1998, public art started thriving in Taiwan under the supervision and promotion of The Ministry of Culture (formerly the Council for Cultural Affairs). According to the statistics of the ministry in 2011, the quantity of public artwork reached 2171 pieces nationwide, and the number is still increasing. Through the years, due to the enhancement of aesthetic concepts and environmental public awareness, some works faced numerous challenges. Some of the challenges were management problems, including functional alteration of public space, conflicts with commercial endeavors, maintenance difficulties, and significant adverse public reactions related to aesthetic, safety and folk custom issues.

The study reviews the literature concerning foreign and domestic public art policies implemented, which contain the laws and regulations for management, efficiency evaluation, reward, relocation and dismantling of public artwork plus actual cases involving artwork removal. For the purpose of observing the acknowledge level of the public on public artwork evaluation, a survey questionnaire on the public’s recognition on public art awards and public artwork relocation was conducted and data analyzed using SPSS statistics. The research also synchronized in-depth interviews with artists, professionals, and experts to obtain their opinions on selected cases in the survey questionnaire, public art policy, and the system of statutes. The purpose of this study is to explore the consensus on efficiency evaluation and relocation evaluation of public artwork between the general public, artists, professionals, and experts.

Based on the analysis, public evaluation on the safety and aesthetic is not significantly correlated to the decision made by the select committee and competent authority for awarded art and relocation. The research summarizes the result of the survey questionnaire and opinions of professionals and experts in the field, and the study comes to the conclusion: civil participation shall be reinforced by developing a voting mechanism for public artwork, and the government should establish the relocation evaluation mechanism to supplement the current policy. Furthermore, management problems may be resolved by adjusting the scope of public art funding operations and set up an exclusive public artwork relocation park, all of the above methods could help keeping the momentum of public art and improve the public artwork policy and the system.