台灣大學生跨性別影像解讀反應及影響因素之研究

Abstract

在視覺影像爆炸的當下，不同於既有性別定律的文化和思潮透過了影像的傳遞，持續再現甚至流行於我們的社會與生活中，而資訊流通迅速、媒體發達的台灣，更應關注於相關議題之現象與發展，尤其聚焦在年輕世代在接受影像刺激與性別意識發展間的交互作用與關聯。故本研究從視覺文化藝術教育的角度出發，對於性別越界之議題進行探究，旨在透過了解台灣大學生的觀看經驗，從中深究其對跨性別影像解讀時所引發之反應，進而分析影響此反應之可能因素，最後則根據研究結果提出具體建議，作為藝術教育之參考。 本研究分兩階段進行，首先以量化研究的方式，對抽樣出的540名台北市大學生進行問卷調查，了解相關現況的普遍現象和趨勢，並從統計結果之數據的極端值中找尋質性研究的對象，而後則對5名研究對象進行訪談與分析。 本研究之研究結果如下：（1）大學生對跨性別影像的解讀普遍傾向於積極、肯定。（2）大學生對跨性別影像的解讀落差極大。（3）大學生的性別模式背景對跨性別影像解讀反應和態度有所影響。（4）大學生專業學習背景對跨性別影像解讀反應和態度有所影響。（5）影像主體的性別模式對大學生跨性別影像解讀反應有所影響。（6）影像主體的性別表現方式對大學生跨性別影像解讀反應有所影響。（7）影像操作和呈現的手法對大學生跨性別影像解讀反應有所影響。 最後，建議結合藝術教育與跨性別議題、性別教育與日常生活影像等，將視覺文化視為一種策略，啟動性別越界的可能，方能向性別平等之論述與理想更邁進一步。In explosive boom, visual image, different to culture and trend of existing gender rules through image transporting, continues appearing and occurs even more popular in the society and daily life. In Taiwan with rapid flow of information and intensive development of mass media, phenomenon and development of related issues shall be focused, especially on the interrelationship and correlation between receiving image stimulation and gender cognition development of young generations. Therefore, the study explores issues of gender transgression from the viewpoint of visual culture art education, and expects to understand responses of Taiwanese college students in interpreting transgender images and further to analyze factors impacting on the responses. Finally, conclusions and suggestions are made based on the research results and as references for art education. The study is divided into 2 stages. The first stage engages in quantitative research with survey investigation for the sample of 540 college students in Taipei City in order to be aware of the general phenomenon and trend, and select the focus group from the extreme cases for the qualitative research. The latter research is involved in interviews of 5 focus group persons and result analysis. The study demonstrates the following findings. (1) College students in Taiwan incline to be active and positive in interpreting transgender images, (2) individuals tends to have very distinct interpretations for transgender images, (3) genders of college students impact on their responses and attitudes in interpreting transgender images, (4) professional backgrounds of college students impact on their responses and attitudes in interpreting transgender images, (5) genders of image objects impact on responses and attitudes of college students in interpreting transgender images, (6) gender presentations of image objects impact on responses and attitudes of college students in interpreting transgender images, and (7) manipulations and presentations of images impact on responses and attitudes of college students in interpreting transgender images. Finally, the study suggests that art education, transgender issues, gender education, and life image should be collaborated with each other, and visual culture should be deemed as a strategy to initiate transgender possibility, which reflects possibility to stride toward to the theory and ideal of gender equality.

Keyword: visual culture art education, transgender, transgender image