減量訓練對唾液免疫球蛋白A、睪固酮及皮質醇濃度之影響

Abstract

本研究主要在探討中高強度訓練後進行減量訓練，對唾液免疫球蛋白A (salivary IgA；sIgA)、皮質醇 (cortisol)及睪固酮 (testosterone) 濃度變化之影響，並且觀察唾液免疫球蛋白A與睪固酮、皮質醇比值之間的關聯性。本研究以10名男性高中足球選手(平均年齡為16歳、平均身高為171.24+5.81公分、平均體重為61.59+7.24公斤)為實驗對象，受試者在進行7天的中高強度訓練後，接續著進行7天的減量訓練，同時分別於中高強度訓練第1、7天訓練前後、中高強度訓練結束隔天早上、減量訓練第1、7天訓練前後以及減量訓練結束隔天早上進行唾液的採集。唾液採集方法為無刺激口腔讓唾液自然分泌的採集法，共採集5分鐘，而在唾液採集前10分鐘禁止飲食及水分的攝取。採集到的唾液則進行唾液免疫球蛋白A濃度以及睪固酮與皮質醇的濃度比值的檢測。所測得之數據進行重複量數單因子變異數分析，統計考驗力以α = .05為顯著水準。結果顯示出在高強度訓練後進行減量訓練的睪固酮濃度有逐漸上昇的現象並且在減量訓練結束隔天早上(T10)達到顯著（p＜ .05），而在皮質醇濃度方面則沒有達到顯著的差異（p＞ .05）。而在唾液免疫球蛋白A濃度的部分，在進行減量訓練後，可以發現有減緩訓練期間sIgA濃度下降的趨勢。最後在有關唾液免疫球蛋白A的濃度變化與睪固酮及皮質醇之間的關係的探討上，則之間並沒有達到顯著的相關（p＞ .05）。因此本研究認為在高強度訓練後進行減量訓練可以減緩訓練期間身體機能的疲勞，及減緩免疫功能的抑制現象。

This study focuses on effects of reduced training on the concentrations of salivary Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), testosterone and cortisol. Ten male high school soccer players as subjects (average age: 16, average high:172.24+5.81 cm, average weight: 61.59+7.24kg). The participants to proceed 7 days high intensity training, after to continue for 7 days reduced training. The saliva samples were collected at before first day of high training (T1), after first day of high intensity training (T2), before seven days of high intensity training (T3), after seven days of high intensity training (T4), the end of high intensity training the next morning (T5), before first day of reduced training (T6), after first day of reduced training (T7), before seven days of high training (T8), after seven days of reduced training (T9), the end of reduced training the next morning (T10). The saliva sample was used to detect of the concentrations of sIgA, testosterone and cortisol. All data were analyzed by repeated one-way ANOVA. The concentrations of testosterone were increased significantly in the end of reduced training the next morning (T10) (p＜ .05), but there was no significant difference on cortisol between the different training (p＞ .05). The concentrations of sIgA was slow decline during the period of the reduced training. There was no significant relationship between sIgA, cortisol and testosterone (p＞ .05). The study concluded that the reduced training after high-intensity training can enhance physical function, and decline the phenomenon of immune suppression.