尺度政治下的都市治理──以2012南韓麗水世博會為例

Abstract

尺度是地理學的重要概念，也是國家在面臨長期的資本積累問題，所採取的手段，尺度的政治透過尺度向上移轉及尺度的下放等方式：向上尋求較大的尺度，全球尺度下透過申辦世界博覽會等大型活動，解決國內積累過度的問題；尺度下放，透過地方自治的實施，南韓的地方政府開始動員，從過去由上而下的管理(government)朝向由下而上的治理(governance)，治理的轉型帶動南韓西南區域的再發展，解決長久以來區發展不均的問題。 南韓政府透過世界博覽會的舉辦，驅動全羅南道區域的發展，並且提出另類的世界博覽會論述──「小城市也能舉辦世博會」。將麗水自治市推向國際舞台，將世界博覽會作為城市發展的萬靈丹。在其申辦過程中，治理模式的轉變，不再以國家管理主義的方式，地方政府與私人企業開始加入治理結構中，治理模式形成一個多元的尺度，映證南韓的多元尺度治理的說法。最後，南韓國家的權力在多元尺度治理下，其權力看似弱化，但國家的影響程度是更廣泛的，因此在這樣的討論下，多元尺度的治理並不削弱國家機器的權力，反而是透過尺度的移轉，更加權力正當化賦予國家機器。Scale is an important concept in geography, it’s also the capital accumulation problems that the country faced and it’s the solutions. The politics of scale through Scaling up and Scaling down : to find out the bigger scale, e.g. applied the world EXPO or the mega event et.al. The scaling down through the Local gonvernance implement, the Sounth Korea local governance began to operate from the up-to-down governance mode to the down-to-up governance mode, the gonvernance shift took the Sounth Korea East Sounth region redeveloped, to slove the long time region undevelopment problem. The Sounth Korea government through the World EXPO hosted, driving the Jeollanam-do development and proposed the alternative World EXPO discourse- small city can also host the World EXPO. To push the Yeosu city to the International stage and the World EXPO can solve the city problem’s solutions. In the applied process, the gonvernance mode shift was not controled by national government, the local government and Private Enterprisebegan to join the governance structure. The governance became a multi-scalar, reflected the multi-scalar governance discourse in Sounth Korea. Finally, the Sounth Korea country power looks weaken in the multi-scalar govenance, but the national influence is wider. In the context, the multi-scalar governance is not dent the natonal machine power, instead of the scale shift to justify the power to be put the central governance.