臺灣北部三所國立大學一年級女生運動分期行為研究

Abstract

本研究旨在比較不同運動分期青少女在社會心理變項及改變方法的差異。以臺北三所大學一年級女生為對象，共發出695 份問卷，回收686 份（回收率為 98.7%）。以頻率分佈、變異數分析、迴歸分析進行資料分析。結果發現：準備期的學生最多，其次為行動期及維持期。不同運動階段學生各變項得分有所差 異，後階段（行動期、維持期）學生各項得分顯著較前階段（無意圖期、意圖期）者有利於身體活動。自我效能顯著預測所有階段的身體活動。後階段身體活動的顯 著預測因素是教師支持，較前階段影響因素為反制約，階段改變策略的適用性和原理論不完全符合。未來應蒐集本土性資料作更多驗證。建議在應用跨理論做運動行 為研究，可將改變階段歸併簡化，並將運動改變方法重新分類。

The purpose of this study was to explore, by comparing the health-related psychosocial variables and the process of change across several behavioral stages, the determinant factors of the transtheoretical model with regard to young women’s attitude toward physical exercise in Taiwan. Six hundred and ninety-five female freshmen from three national universities in Taipei City filled out questionnaires in their Nursing Education classes in March and April, 2004. The response rate was 98.7% with 686 questionnaires returned. Analysis of the quantitative data was performed with regard to frequency distribution, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression. The results revealed that most subjects were in the preparation stage, while 13.4% were in the action stage and 13.4% were in the maintenance stage. The factors that differed across stages were perceived benefits, perceived barriers, degree of self-efficacy, degree of physical activity, and process-of-change variables. The subjects who were in the later stages, i.e. the action and maintenance stages, predictably had higher scores with regard to the pro-exercise variables than their counterparts in the earlier stages. A significant predictor of the amount of exercise behavior of female students across all stages was self-efficacy (will-power, self-motivation). Support from teachers was positively associated with physical activity for the subjects in later stages; counter-conditioning variable had a significant negative effect on physical activity in the earlier stages. The findings of this study will help in the design of tailored interventions intended to increase the physical activity of young Taiwanese females in the future.