中老年人休閒運動參與動機與效益之研究—以新竹地區太極氣功十八式運動為例

Abstract

本研究目的旨在瞭解中老年人休閒時間參與太極氣功十八式運動之動機與效益，並探討其變項間之關係。以新竹地區年滿四十五歲以上的社區中老年人600位為研究對象，透過「新竹地區中老年人休閒運動參與動機與效益調查問卷」進行問卷調查，回收537份問卷。將所得資料以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析及皮爾森積差相關分析等統計方法進行分析後，結果發現︰ 一、參與太極氣功十八式運動者，在各背景資料調查項目中佔百分比較高者，以女性、年齡56~60歲者、職業是自由業者、婚姻狀況是已婚、同居者、國中教育程度者、月平均收入10,001~20,000元者、就醫有減少者、每週參加5~6天者、運動資歷5~7年者及訊息來自親友介紹者佔最多。 二、在參與動機前五項，依序為：培養興趣、保持身體健康、增進人際互動、增進社會適應能力、延緩老化等五項。 三、在參與效益前五項，依序為：增進肺臟的功能、增進心臟的功能、使身材健美、增進身體的柔軟度、改善平衡能力等五項。 四、新竹地區中老年人的休閒運動參與動機會因基本背景的不同而有所差異。 五、新竹地區中老年人的休閒運動參與效益會因基本背景的不同而有所差異。 六、參與太極氣功十八式運動的動機及效益相關情形，除參與動機的「追求體驗」、「提昇能力」、「自我成長」三個層面分別與參與效益的「生理效益」層面未達顯著相關外，其餘層面均達顯著正相關水準。The study aimed at understanding the motivation and benefit of the middle-aged and the elderly’s participation in 18-move Taiji-Qigong during their leisure time and investigating the relationship among different variables. Our subjects were 600 middle-aged and elder people above 45 years old in the communities of Hsin-Chu area. We underwent the research by “the middle-aged and elderly’s motivation and benefit of participating in recreational sports in Hsin-Chu area” questionnaire and retrieved 537 of them. After the obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, the following results were found: 1. Among 18-move Taiji-Qigong participants, those who took up the highest proportion in each entry of demographical variety investigation were as below: female, 56-60 year-old, self-employed, the married and cohabitated, highest education level of junior high school, monthly average income of 10,001-20,000 dollars, reduction of taking medical treatment, 5-6 times participation weekly, 5-7 year continual participation and information source from relatives and friends. 2. In the order of mean from high to low, the first five entries of participation motivation were as follows: interest cultivation, physical health maintenance, interpersonal interaction enhancement, social adaptation ability enhancement, and anti-aging. 3. In the order of mean from high to low, the first five entries of participation benefit were as follows: lung function enhancement, heart function enhancement, body build-up, bodily flexibility, and bodily balance improvement. 4. The results of the study indicated that, for the middle-aged and the elderly in Hsin-Chu area, the motivation of participation varied from different demographical varieties. 5. The results of the study indicated that, for the middle-aged and the elderly in Hsin-Chu area, the motivation of participation varied from different demographical varieties. 6. As for the correlation between participation motivation and participation benefit in 18-move Taiji-Qigong, except for that the three layers of participation motivation, including “seek for experience,” “ability enhancement,” and “self development,” didn’t reach a significant correlation with the layer of “physical benefit” in participation benefit, all of the other layers produced a significant positive correlation with participation benefit.