冷療加壓處理對離心運動引起肌肉及本體感覺損傷之恢復效果的影響

Abstract

背景：離心運動除了會造成肌肉損傷 (eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage, EIMD)之外，也會進一步影響運動表現及本體感覺。為了能讓訓練效果和比賽成績達到最大化，有效的疲勞恢復策略宜被引入作為提升選手疲勞恢復的方式。常見運動恢復方式計有冷凍療法、加壓療法等，而結合了上述兩種不同恢復方式而成的冷療加壓為一項新技術。它雖然近年來才開始被運用在運動後恢復的領域，但冷療加壓處理對運動後恢復效果的影響爲何，目前研究還不清楚。目的：探究三種不同(冷療組、常溫水加壓與冷療加壓)處理對離心運動引起肌肉及本體感覺損傷之恢復效果的比較。方法：招募40名一般年輕健康男子（18-35歲）爲對象，並以隨機方式分配成對照組、冷療組、常溫水加壓組與冷療加壓組 (n=10人/組)，所有研究對象使用非慣用腿膝伸肌群，進行30組 x 10次最大等速(30o/s)離心收縮運動誘發肌肉損傷(如：肌力、關節活動範圍、腿圍)，並於離心運動前、後第24、48、72、96、120小時，各進行肌肉損傷、本體感覺以及體能測驗。對照組、冷療組、常溫水加壓組與冷療加壓組於運動後第1、25、49、73、97小時，各分別進行20分鐘之被動休息、冷療、常溫水加壓與冷療加壓之處理。以二因子混合設計變異數分析針對組別與時間因子進行考驗。結果：所有依變項在離心運動後均明顯比前測產生變化。在離心運動後第 1 ~ 5 天，冷療組與冷療加壓組之大腿腿圍變化均顯著小於對照組 (p＜.05)。在離心運動後第 4、5 天，常溫水加壓組之大腿腿圍變化均顯著小於對照組 (p＜.05)；在離心運動後第1天，冷療組、常溫水加壓組之肌肉酸痛程度均顯著小於對照組 (p＜.05)。在離心運動後第 1 ~ 4 天，冷療加壓組之肌肉酸痛程度均顯著小於對照組 (p＜.05)；在離心運動後第 5 天，冷療組、冷療加壓組之均方根電訊號均顯著大於對照組 (p＜.05)；其餘測試結果，各組之間無顯著差異 (p＞.05)。結論：冷療與冷療加壓有利於離心運動引起肌肉損傷後的肢體腫脹和肌肉酸痛消除，常溫水加壓能消除腫脹和肌肉酸痛、改善關節活動範圍。Background: Eccentric exercise not only causes muscle damage (eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage, EIMD) but also further affects athletic performance and proprioception. To maximize training effects and competition results, effective fatigue recovery strategies should be implemented to enhance athletes' recovery. Common sports recovery methods include cryotherapy and compression therapy. A new technique combining these two different recovery methods, known as cryocompression, has recently been applied in the field of post-exercise recovery. However, the effects of cryocompression on post-exercise recovery are still unclear. Purpose:This study aims to compare the recovery effects of three different treatments (cryotherapy, room temperature water compression, and cryocompression) on muscle andproprioception damage induced by eccentric exercise. Methods: Forty healthy young men (aged 18-35 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to control, cryotherapy, room temperature water compression therapy and cryocompression group (n=10/group). All subjects performed 30 sets of 10 maximal isokinetic (30°/s) eccentric contractions of the knee extensors of their non-dominant leg to induce muscle damage (e.g., muscle strength, joint range of motion, leg circumference). Muscle damage, proprioception, and physical fitness tests were taken before, at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours post exercise. The control group, cryotherapy group, room temperature water compression therapy group, and cryocompression group underwent corresponding experimental treatments for 20 minutes at 1, 25, 49, 73 and 97 hours post-exercise. A two-way mixed-design ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of group and time factors. Results: All dependent variables significantly changed after eccentric exercise compared to pre-test measures. On days 1 to 5 after eccentric exercise, the changes in thigh circumference in the cryotherapy and cryocompression groups were significantly smaller than those in the control group (p< .05). On days 4 and 5, the changes in thigh circumference in the room temperature water compression group were significantly smaller than those in the control group (p < .05). On day 1, muscle soreness in the cryotherapy and room temperature water compression groups was significantly less than that in the control group (p < 0.05). On days 1 to 4, muscle soreness in the cryocompression group was significantly less than that in the control group (p < .05). On day 5, the root mean square electromyographic signals in the cryotherapy and cryocompression groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (p< .05). No significant differences were observed between the groups for the other test results (p > .05). Conclusion: Cryotherapy and cryocompression are beneficial for reducing limb swelling and muscle soreness after eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Room temperature water compression can reduce swelling and muscle soreness and improve joint range of motion.