國中學生身體意象與體重控制行為相關因素研究-以臺北市松山區國中為例
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2009
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本研究之主要目的在探討國中生身體意象與體重控制行為之間的關係。以自編結構式問卷為工具，採分層隨機抽樣的方式，以台北市松山區97學年度第一學期普通般國中生為樣本，抽取15班共521位學生，有效問卷498份，回收率為96﹪。
本研究主要發現如下：
一、研究對象之實際體型分佈以「適中」者居多，「肥胖」者最少。但多數研究對象卻自覺體型屬「過重」，且期望是偏瘦的體型。
二、研究對象的「性別」、「體型」、「內外控傾向」、「重要他人看法」、「傳播媒體影響力」與身體意象有關係。其中女生對自己外表評價及身體各部位的滿意度較低，較重視自己的外表且對體重過重關注程度也較高，身體意象較男生差；愈傾向內控者其對身體各部位的滿意度較高，身體意象較正向；體型愈輕者其身體意象較正向；受重要他人看法與媒體影響力愈大者，對外表滿意度愈差、愈注重外表打扮、對體重過重的關注愈高、對身體各部位滿意度也愈差，身體意象較負向。
三、研究對象的「性別」、「實際體型」、「自覺體型」、「重要他人看法」、「傳播媒體影響力」、「身體意象」與體重控制行為中的「節制飲食」有關係；其中女生比男生較能節制飲食，且此行為並非只出現在實際體型過重或肥胖者，當研究對象自覺體重過重時也會出現節制飲食行為，研究對象愈重視重要他人看法、受傳播媒體影響力大者、身體意象愈負向者，愈較能節制飲食。另外，在體重控制行為中的「身體活動」與研究對象的「性別」、「實際體型」、「自覺體型」、「外表評價」、「身體意象」有關，其中以男生、實際體型及自覺體型適中者、對自己外表愈滿意、身體意象較正向者愈會從事身體活動。
四、研究對象之個人與社會因素及身體意象預測「節制飲食」時，可解釋其總變異量的28﹪。其中主要的預測變項為「性別」、「自覺體型」、「內外控傾向」、「重要他人看法」、「傳播媒體影響力」、「身體意象」，而以「身體意象」最具影響力。另外，研究對象之個人與社會因素及身體意象預測「身體活動」時，可解釋其總變異量的23﹪，其中主要的預測變項為「性別」、「實際體型」、「自覺體型」，而以「性別」最具影響力。
The main purpose of this study is aimed to explore the relationship between the body image and weight-control behaviors of junior high school students. This is documented by a self-questionnaire, and the collecting data is through stratified cluster random sampling.The study group was composed of students from the junior high schools of Sung-Shan District in Taipei during their first semester of the 2008 . The study randomly of which 498 copies were effectively retrieved and thus the effective retrieving ratio is 96%. The essential results were discovered are as follows： 1.According to the members studied, most of them are considered to be”Normal”and the least of them are “Obesity”.However, most of the members studied think they are”heavy”and expect themselves to be slender. 2.“Sex”,”Body Weight”,”Locus of control “,”Significant others”and”Media”showed significantly correlations with body image. 3.“Sex”,”Actual Body Weight”,”Self-perceived Body Weight”,”Significant others”,”Media”,”Body Image”showed significantly correlations with “dietary restraint”of weight-control . Besides of that, the”physical activity”of weight control have a correlation with the factor of “Sex”,”Actual Body Weight”,”Self-perceived Body Weight”,”Appearance judgement “and “Body Image” the especially on Boys,overweight or fit,highly sastisfy with their appearance and people who has positive body image tend to do exercise more. 4.Individual and Sociocultural factors ,body image could explain 28﹪variance on “dietary restraint”. The main predictors are”Sex”,”Self-perceived body weight”,”Locus of control “,”Significant Others”,”Media”,’Body Image”and the most influential element is”Body image”.What’s more, we could explain 23﹪variance if we use individual and sociocultural factors to predict “physical activity”and thus the main predict factors are”Sex”,”Actual Body Weight”,”Self-perceived body weight”and that the factor of”Sex”is the most influential one.
The main purpose of this study is aimed to explore the relationship between the body image and weight-control behaviors of junior high school students. This is documented by a self-questionnaire, and the collecting data is through stratified cluster random sampling.The study group was composed of students from the junior high schools of Sung-Shan District in Taipei during their first semester of the 2008 . The study randomly of which 498 copies were effectively retrieved and thus the effective retrieving ratio is 96%. The essential results were discovered are as follows： 1.According to the members studied, most of them are considered to be”Normal”and the least of them are “Obesity”.However, most of the members studied think they are”heavy”and expect themselves to be slender. 2.“Sex”,”Body Weight”,”Locus of control “,”Significant others”and”Media”showed significantly correlations with body image. 3.“Sex”,”Actual Body Weight”,”Self-perceived Body Weight”,”Significant others”,”Media”,”Body Image”showed significantly correlations with “dietary restraint”of weight-control . Besides of that, the”physical activity”of weight control have a correlation with the factor of “Sex”,”Actual Body Weight”,”Self-perceived Body Weight”,”Appearance judgement “and “Body Image” the especially on Boys,overweight or fit,highly sastisfy with their appearance and people who has positive body image tend to do exercise more. 4.Individual and Sociocultural factors ,body image could explain 28﹪variance on “dietary restraint”. The main predictors are”Sex”,”Self-perceived body weight”,”Locus of control “,”Significant Others”,”Media”,’Body Image”and the most influential element is”Body image”.What’s more, we could explain 23﹪variance if we use individual and sociocultural factors to predict “physical activity”and thus the main predict factors are”Sex”,”Actual Body Weight”,”Self-perceived body weight”and that the factor of”Sex”is the most influential one.
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國中生, 身體意象, 體重控制行為, 節制飲食, 身體活動, junior high school students, Body image, Weight-control behaviors, dietary restraint, physical activity