論盧前〈望江南．飲虹簃論清詞百家〉

Abstract

本文的研究對象為盧前〈望江南．飲虹簃論清詞百家〉，共一百首，為論詞組詞，藉〈望江南．飲虹簃論清詞百家〉探究盧前對清朝詞家的評論、審美觀，及其意義。首先，盧前的〈望江南．飲虹簃論清詞百家〉橫跨清初至清末，故本研究將盧前的百首詞作分成四個階段探討，分別為清順康、雍乾、嘉慶至端木埰之前、端木埰至清末，藉此劃分方式觀察盧前的著眼點。清順康時期，盧前指出此階段的詞風由紛呈並出轉為南宋「清空」詞風。雍乾時期，南宋「清空」詞風漸趨穩固，浮現弊端。嘉慶至端木埰之前，常州詞派現世，不少詞人受「意內言外」一說影響。端木埰至清末，晚清四大家嶄露，詞學創作趨於大成。其次，盧前不只著眼於詞風的流變，同時也透過評論指出作詞要點，詞作應以情感、才學為底蘊，善用文詞，展現自我風格，並且符合規律，方能立足於詞壇。若是詞選本、詞話、詞學理論陳述精要且影響力甚鉅者，盧前也會一併列入評論，加深論述的厚度。最後，將盧前的〈望江南．飲虹簃論清詞百家〉置於「論詞長短句史」評價其地位。論詞長短句組詞於清朝盛行，清初的焦袁熹藉〈采桑子〉創作論詞組詞，到了清末，朱祖謀則以〈望江南〉創作論詞組詞，盧前承接其後，並發揚光大。綜上所述，盧前〈望江南．飲虹簃論清詞百家〉不僅為百位詞人加以評論，指明作詞之法，同時為民國舊體文學注入活水，也為論詞組詞拓展新的視野與深度。This research is about Lu-Qian's Dreaming of the South．Yin Hong Yi about a Hundred Literators of Ci Poetry in Qing Dynasty. There are one hunderd ci poetries, which is a group of poetries. This research explores Lu-Qian’s comments on Qing literators to know his aesthetic and deep meaning. At first, Lu-Qian's Dreaming of the South．Yin Hong Yi about a Hundred Literators of Ci Poetry in Qing Dynasty crossed through early Qing Dynasty to late Qing Dynasty. Hence, this research divides one hunderd ci literators into four parts.Four parts are respectively Qing Shunzhi and Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, Jiaqing to Duan Mu-Cai and Duan Mu-Cai to late Qing Dynasty to know what Lu-Qian focused on. Qing Shunzhi and Kangxi period, Lu-Qian pointed out ci style in this period changing diverse ci poetry styles into Southern Song Dynasty “ ethereal ” style. Yongzheng and Qianlong period, “ ethereal ” style became stable, and some defects appeared. Jiaqing to Duan Mu-Cai period, Changzhou Ci group grew, many Literators were influenced by “ meaning in the words ” theory. Duan Mu-Cai to late Qing Dynasty period, four Great Literators of late Qing Dynasty showed off, Ci Poetry was towards greatness.Subsequently, Lu-Qian not only focused on ci poetry styles changing, but also pointed out the way to create ci poetry. Creating ci poetry should base on truth and knoeledge, utlilizing beautiful vocabularies and rhythm to express self style to establish a foothold. If anthologies, comments and theories are essential and influential, Lu-Qian will add them into comments to deepen his discussion.Finally, put Lu-Qian's Dreaming of the South．Yin Hong Yi about a Hundred Literators of Ci Poetry in Qing Dynasty into the history of ci commentary in lyrical form to realize its status. Ci commentary in lyrical form was popular in Qing Dynasty. In early Qing Dynasty, Jiau Yuan-Xi used Gathering Mulberry Leaves to create. In late Qing Dynasty, Zhu Zu-Mou used Dreaming of the South to create, and Lu-Qian followed him, and brought it to great height of development. In summary, Lu-Qian's Dreaming of the South．Yin Hong Yi about a Hundred Literators of Ci Poetry in Qing Dynasty not only commented hunderd ci literators, but also pointed the way to create ci poetry. In addition, it also breathed new life into classical literature in Early Republican period, and broaden the horizon of ci commentary in lyrical form.