臺灣戒嚴時期國民中學(初中)音樂教科書及歌詞探析(1962-1985)

Abstract

第二次世界大戰後，國民政府開始在臺灣進行去日本化、中國化的教育，臺灣從1949年開始實施戒嚴，至1987年解嚴的38年期間，在反共抗俄的社會氛圍以及中央集權下，教育政策和教科書皆由政府所掌控。這樣國家機器下的音樂教科書會呈現何種面貌呢?在探析戒嚴時期音樂教科書之前，必須先了解當時的時空背景，隨著九年國民義務教育的實施，教科書統一由國立編譯館編定、發行，教育呈現被政治控制的局面。 音樂教科書在國家政策的綑綁下，被賦予反共抗俄、發揚民族精神的使命，音樂教科書的歌詞不時流露大中國色彩與愛國思想。此時期國民中學音樂教科書的愛國歌曲主題，具有以下內涵：(一)反共下的宣傳品(二)大中國的想像。這種現象到解嚴後才有所轉變，音樂教科書出現大量臺灣本土化的教材，音樂教育才漸漸脫離國家機器的控制。 除了大量的愛國歌曲，也收入了愛國歌曲以外的一般教學歌曲，包含敦品勵學、詠物、寫景類，及陶冶性情的抒情寫意類歌曲、傳統節慶的歌曲，增加歌曲取材的多元性。這些歌曲的探究，可以了解戒嚴時期仍保留些微的藝術命脈，讓學生心靈有呼吸的空間，進行美感教育，保留了藝術美感想像的空間，呈現戒嚴時期音樂教科書的另一番面貌。”Sinicization” was specially emphasized in Taiwan by Republic of China through the education after World War II. During Taiwan's martial law period (1949-1987), under the atmosphere of anti-communism and anti-Soviet Russia, the government controlled the education policy and censored textbooks. With the implementation of nine-year national education, only the National Translation and Compilation Center could edit and publish textbooks. Thus, the context of textbooks was strictly limited and music textbooks were heavily influenced by the infusion of ideology adopted by the authority. Acquiesced by the government, patriotic songs in Taiwan's martial law period (1949-1987) promoted the idea of anti-communism, anti-Soviet Russia, and national identity of mainland China. However, after the lifting of martial law, Taiwanization emerged and the education became more and more independent of the government. Apart from patriotic songs, there existed songs covering integrity, diligence, chanting object , landscapes, and traditional festivals. By exploring these songs, this thesis aims to help reader understand other aspects of music textbooks during martial law period in Taiwan.