以西方競技運動成功關鍵因子探究臺灣備戰2012年倫敦奧運的策略─以跆拳道、射箭為例

Abstract

跆拳道及射箭運動是我國亞、奧運長期培訓的重點項目，也是少數我國可在奧運賽場奪牌的項目。本研究以Green與Oakley(2001)所提出的西方成功發展競技運動的10個關鍵因子，作為分析之依據，採用半結構性訪談及內容分析的方式，探究臺灣跆拳道及射箭項目備戰奧運之策略。研究發現：臺灣備戰2012年倫敦奧運的策略，包含行政組織有清楚的分工、嘗試使用運科選才系統選拔正式代表選手、擬定綜合性計畫為備戰原則、運動科學的支援、政府的資金補助、競賽與國際接軌、集中訓練並提供訓練器材、優秀選手運動生涯支持，共8項策略。然而，我國備戰過程中，亦有許多問題存在，包含行政流程繁雜、團隊凝聚力不佳、缺乏監控優秀選手的機制、器材及場地狀況不佳、選手退役後看不到未來等，這些備戰時所發生的問題可能是影響臺灣能否在奧運場上奪牌的關鍵因素，值得未來持續關注與研究。透過研究亦發現，以西方競技運動關鍵因子分析奧運備戰策略有其適用性，但亦有其限制，端看研究者如何應用西方競技運動成功關鍵因子。此外，能否落實各因子的細節則是奧運成績好壞的關鍵。Taekwondo and archery, the focus sports which Taiwan’s government has long been exerting resources on for the Asiads and the Olympic Games, are also two of Taiwan’s few medal-winning sports at the Olympics. This study aims at exploring Taiwan’s London Olympics preparation strategies for taekwondo and archery based on the ten key factors of the success in elite sport of the west proposed by Green and Oakley (2001). Semi-structured interview and content analysis are applied to fulfill the research objectives. The results show that eight factors are included in Taiwan’s London Olympics preparation strategies: a clear division of administrative organizations, attempts to apply a scientific system for talent recognition and selection, a comprehensive preparation plan, support from sports science teams, government subsidies, competitions with international standards, a squad system with equipment for training, and career plans for exceptional athletes. However, problems also exist in the preparation process. For example, the complicated bureaucracy, the lack of team cohesiveness, no monitoring system for talented athletes, fragmented equipment and facilities, and dull futures of retired athletes. It is worthwhile to research on the potential influence of the listed problems on Taiwan’s performance at the Olympics. Besides the above results, this research also finds out that it is a double-edged sword to analyze the Olympics preparation strategies through the key factors of the success in elite sport of the west: it depends on how the researcher applies those factors in the study. Moreover, whether the detail of each factor is fulfilled or not is critical for the preparation and the future results of the Olympic Games.