解構認同的研究── 從文化消費探究美學之用 (1990~迄今)

Abstract

「認同」是當前台灣主要關懷的文化議題之一，甚至是最重要的議題。九○年代後，認同議題與歐美美學理論的發展主軸幾乎是重疊並進的，僅管其中政治因素，在台灣社會的獨佔性，對影響美學實踐上的重要性，大大不同於西方社會中，「象徵」、「文化」（含宗教）與「政治」三個因素的先後排序。不過這個排序在西方也正快速轉變中，政治因素逐漸有後來居上的趨勢。相對地，台灣此刻正努力從「政治社會」邁向「文化社會」，所以「文化政治」理論的探勘，不僅是觀察台灣美學理論發展的一扇視窗，而且具有政治實踐與美學實踐交界層面上的雙重意義。西方近現代美學研究，向來具有歷史，而且擁有豐富的學術成果；晚近「認同」議題更躍升為顯學，特別是其相關的批判論述，更值得吾人引為反思借鏡。承此，本文的研究，就是希望能藉著一窺西方美學思辯與實踐經驗的堂奧，與台灣社會發展，相互印證。而立足「文化消費」的高點鳥瞰，足以讓我們清楚瞭望這一片遼闊的美學領域。最終，我們得到一個走向「差異化」的歷史邏輯和「差異化」的文化政治之下的合法化趨勢，在趨向全球化的今日，或可提供我們對未來解決認同問題，一個創造性思維之方案。Identity, as a priori form, is subsumed in the collective reality of our society today, simultaneously, along with when it has been moved in the west on the aesthetics within since 90s. Among those embodied factors of symbol, culture (religion included), and politics, which are persistent to influence the “praxis” of the west as they are constituted in a certain way, our society, instead ,concedes herself overwhelmingly to the political confrontations to history. However, as contextual agenda of cultural politics becomes more theoretically and critically deconstructing, could they in return be established as a canon inside the global society by revealing some marginal meaning across aesthetic and political domains? The west were preoccupied with discussions and manifestos based on differentiation for years, and have turned to demonstrated themselves a historical logic, the legitimate process of differentiation, and which also discover a potential solution with creativity and systemization for the future collective identity of our society as well.