兩岸民用航空公司經營效率之研究

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2011

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  本研究為海峽兩岸自 2008 年觀光政策彼此解禁後,首先探討台灣與大陸地區民用航空公司經營效率之論文。研究期間為 2005 年至 2009 年,涵蓋海峽兩岸開放直航的 2008 年。研究對象包括台灣地區中華、長榮、復興與立榮航空公司,以及大陸地區的中國國際、中國南方、中國東方、海南、山東航空公司共計九家民用航空公司;使用資料包絡分析法 (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) 、超效率 (Super Efficiency),以員工人數、資產總額、營業成本為投入變數,以營業收入淨額、載客人數為產出變數,並選取兩岸民用航空業高階經理人作為問卷調查受訪者,結果顯示高階經理人同意本研究依過去文獻所選取之評估指標,其投入與產出指標重要程度平均為 93.5%。再佐以超效率衡量 2005-2009 年台灣與大陸地區民用航空公司之經營效率值,第二階段使用截斷式迴歸 (Truncated Regression),以兩岸交流之旅客人數、是否加入全球航空跨國策略聯盟、兩岸航班分配與機隊數量作為環境變數,探討影響航空公司經營績效之因子與影響程度,實證結果顯示:2005-2009 年間,航空業者參與星空聯盟 (Star Alliance) 為顯著正向影響效率,並優於參與天合聯盟 (Sky Team) 的航空業者;兩岸航班數量分配對於經營效率有正向顯著之影響,故兩岸航空主管機關在分配航線與航班數量時,將會影響航空公司在兩岸航線的經營績效表現。實證結果擬可供政策制定者在未來進一步開放兩岸自由行或個人旅遊政策之參考。
Existing literature that examined the performance of Asia airlines had rarely seen, not mentioning of the efficiency comparisons between Taiwan and Mainland China. This study adopts data envelopment analysis (DEA) and truncated regression method to assess the operational efficiency and super efficiency of Taiwan and Mainland China airlines. This study use balanced panel data on Taiwan and Mainland China airline companies in the years from 2005 to 2009 and employ three inputs (Number of employees, asset, operating cost) and two outputs (Operational sales revenue and numbers of passenger per year). A truncated regression is used to examine the determinants of efficiency. The empirical results indicate that airlines join Star Alliance and market share of flights per weeks between Taiwan and Mainland China have significantly positive impact on efficiency. This study could offer Taiwan and Mainland China airlines policy makers for future operation management references.

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資料包絡分析法, 超效率, 截斷式迴歸, 經營效率, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Super Efficiency, Truncated Regression, Operational Efficiency

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