青少年身體活動量與身體意象的關聯及其性別差異

Abstract

摘 要 身體意象是對自己身材體態的主觀看法，除了心理及生理的自我認知外，亦受到社會層面的影響。身體意象的觀念對男女性皆有影響，但其中卻有某些程度的差異：女性對外表的重視程度及減重意圖高於男性，但對自己外表滿意度卻低於男性；參與身體活動在性別上亦具有差異，男性參與身體活動不受到體型滿意度的影響，而女性為了得到更佳之身體意象，因而參與身體活動。本研究以青少年為研究對象，探討身體活動量與身體意象的關聯，及不同身體活動量之身體意象的性別差異。以中部某三所學校高中職一、二年級學生425名（男175人、女250人）為實驗參與者，使用身體意象及身體活動量表為研究工具。研究結果以皮爾森積差相關及獨立樣本t考驗進行統計分析，結果發現：（一）青少年身體活動量與身體意象無相關，但其中男性身體活動量之身體意象具有正向關聯，女性則無相關；（二）高身體活動量之身體意象具有性別差異，其中青少男高於青少女；（三）低身體活動量之身體意象沒有性別差異。因此本研究結論為：身體活動量與身體意象沒有關聯；高身體活動量之身體意象具有性別差異，其中青少男高於青少女，低身體活動量之身體意象則無性別差異。

關鍵詞：身體意象、身體活動量、性別差異Abstract Body image is mainly based on personal perceptions and beliefs which are affected by mental, physical, and social influences. These factors affect males and females in different ways. Adolescent females tend to be more dissatisfied with their bodies than adolescent males, especially with regards to losing weight and reasons for participating in physical activity. This study, focuses on adolescents aged 15-19, was designed to examine the relationship between physical activity and body image perceptions and the levels of physical activity versus body image perceptions with a specific focus on gender differences. In-depth questionnaires were given to 425 (175 males, 250 females) students from central Taiwanese senior high schools. Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation and t-test methods were used to determine the results from these questionnaires. The following results were found: (1) There was no correlation between the levels of physical activity and body image perceptions in female adolescents, but there is a correlation in male adolescents. (2) There was a difference between body image perceptions of male and female adolescents who participate in high level of physical activity: males tend to be more satisfied with their bodies. (3) No difference in body image perceptions was found between male and female adolescents who participate in low level of physical activity. In conclusion, there was no relationship between the levels of physical activity and body image perceptions. There was a difference between how male and female adolescents who participate in high level of physical activity perceive their bodies, and no difference between male and female adolescents who participate in low level of physical activity.

Key words: body image, levels of physical activity, gender differences