進入運動社會化之族群差異比較研究―以花蓮縣國中運動校代表隊為例
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2003
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本研究主要目的在瞭解花蓮縣國中運動校代表隊學生進入運動社會化之族群差異，討論不同族群及性別之運動校代表隊學生對於體育課的態度；參與運動受重要他人影響；參與運動受大眾傳播媒體的影響；參與運動及其他活動興趣與意見。研究對象為就讀於花蓮縣各公私立國中，且代表學校參加對外運動競賽之各項運動代表隊之900名學生，以自編「國中運動校代表隊進入運動社會化量表」為研究工具，進行調查。根據實際調查所得的資料，分別以描述統計、t-test檢定、二因子變異數分析檢定並以薛費法進行事後比較（若F值達顯著差異水準【p< .05】）等統計方法進行資料分析處理，結果發現：
一、花蓮縣國中運動校代表隊學生對於體育課非常重視，並抱持正面的評價。
二、花蓮縣國中運動校代表隊學生參與運動受重要他人影響的差異情形存在於不同族群、性別的學生。參與運動最重要影響人依序為教練、體育老師、同性朋友、同學，家庭成員中父親是最重要影響人。
三、花蓮縣國中運動校代表隊學生參與運動與大眾傳播媒體影響；除電視在使用的情形未達顯著水準，在其他方面都達到顯著差異水準。即不同族群、性別的學生在參與運動與大眾傳播媒體時有差異情形存在。
四、1.花蓮縣國中運動校代表隊學生最常參與的運動依序為慢跑、籃球、自行車。其次則是原住民男、女學生較多選擇偏向男性化的球類活動，如：足球、棒/壘球。漢族男、女學生較多選擇偏向中性化的球類活動，如桌球、撞球。
2.社會化環境中參與運動時間，最多為學校，其次才是運動社團及鄰近場地。在運動社團、鄰近場地兩方面達到統計上顯著差異水準，其差異情形存在於不同族群、性別的學生。
3. 學校是最適合學習運動技能的社會化環境，且認為大眾傳播媒體不適合學習運動技能。漢族女學生較原住民女學生對運動性社團為適合學習運動之社會化環境有較高的認同。
The aim of this study is to investigate the differences of ethnicity in socialization into sport of students on various athletic school teams of junior high schools in Hualien County. An empirical study was carried out on a sample of 900 students who were selected from different public or private junior high schools in Hualien County and were members of various athletic school teams in their junior high schools. The study investigated four factors which influenced students’ socialization into sport: attitudes towards physical education class, influences from significant others in sport participation, influences of mass media in sport participation as well as influences of individual interests and opinions in sport participation. The instrument used to collect data in this study was a self-made questionnaire. And the ways used for data analysis consisted of Describe Statistics, T-test Examination, Two-way ANOVA Examination as well as Schiff’s Method,－When “ P ＜ .05,” the result is defined as significant difference. According to the analysis and comparison from the questionnaire, the results of the study showed as below: A. It was found that all the sample students have a positive and active attitude toward physical education class. B. The influences from significant others in sport participation differ in ethnicity and sex. The significant others from the most influential to the least are coaches, physical education instructors, friends of the same gender, classmates and family members (Father is found to have the most influence among family members.). C. Mass media was also found to have influences on sport participation. However, only the result of Item TV was not significant. D. 1. The first three popular sports of students in this study were jogging, basketball and bicycling. In addition, aboriginal students appeared to prefer masculine sports, such as soccer, baseball and softball. While Han students were found to prefer neutral sports, for instance, table tennis and billiards. 2. As for location of sport participation, students spent most time on campus. The second was sport clubs and the last was public facilities. Additionally, the results of sport clubs and public facilities were significant different. And the difference depend on the ethnicity and sex. 3. Campus was found to be the most adequate location for learning sport. Nevertheless, mass media was not a good way to instruct sport skills. Besides, for female Han students, sport clubs appeared to be more adequate sport location than female aboriginal students.
The aim of this study is to investigate the differences of ethnicity in socialization into sport of students on various athletic school teams of junior high schools in Hualien County. An empirical study was carried out on a sample of 900 students who were selected from different public or private junior high schools in Hualien County and were members of various athletic school teams in their junior high schools. The study investigated four factors which influenced students’ socialization into sport: attitudes towards physical education class, influences from significant others in sport participation, influences of mass media in sport participation as well as influences of individual interests and opinions in sport participation. The instrument used to collect data in this study was a self-made questionnaire. And the ways used for data analysis consisted of Describe Statistics, T-test Examination, Two-way ANOVA Examination as well as Schiff’s Method,－When “ P ＜ .05,” the result is defined as significant difference. According to the analysis and comparison from the questionnaire, the results of the study showed as below: A. It was found that all the sample students have a positive and active attitude toward physical education class. B. The influences from significant others in sport participation differ in ethnicity and sex. The significant others from the most influential to the least are coaches, physical education instructors, friends of the same gender, classmates and family members (Father is found to have the most influence among family members.). C. Mass media was also found to have influences on sport participation. However, only the result of Item TV was not significant. D. 1. The first three popular sports of students in this study were jogging, basketball and bicycling. In addition, aboriginal students appeared to prefer masculine sports, such as soccer, baseball and softball. While Han students were found to prefer neutral sports, for instance, table tennis and billiards. 2. As for location of sport participation, students spent most time on campus. The second was sport clubs and the last was public facilities. Additionally, the results of sport clubs and public facilities were significant different. And the difference depend on the ethnicity and sex. 3. Campus was found to be the most adequate location for learning sport. Nevertheless, mass media was not a good way to instruct sport skills. Besides, for female Han students, sport clubs appeared to be more adequate sport location than female aboriginal students.
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運動校代表隊, 進入運動社會化, 族群, athletic team, socialization into sport, ethnicity group