智能障礙青少年休閒自我決策之個案研究

Abstract

自我決策為重要休閒能力之一，但研究者發現智能障礙青少年在休閒活動中少有自我決策的行為。本研究試圖探討智能障礙青少年休閒自我決策與影響因素，採個案研究法，以半結構式訪談三位18至19歲的智能障礙青少年與其休閒重要支持者，輔以相關文件、研究札記交叉檢核，透過持續比較法分析，並邀請一位同儕審查者確認編碼的客觀性，研究結果如下：一、智能障礙青少年的休閒自我決策行為在意識決策方面，三位智障青少年能依據自己的喜好選擇休閒活動，並在感興趣的活動中設定目標；他們傾向於選擇熟悉、能力相近或年幼的夥伴，並在與家人同行時配合家庭的行程。在能動行為方面，三位智障青少年在規劃休閒活動的方式較為鬆散和隨興，雖然會依據目標執行計畫，但過程缺乏檢核與調整；他們會主動蒐集相關資料，可是問題解決的策略較侷限，不易變通。在行動控制信念方面，三位智障青少年皆瞭解自己喜歡的休閒活動，也能覺察自己擅長的技能。二、智能障礙青少年的休閒自我決策行為的影響因素 影響休閒自我決策行為的因素包括個人因素和環境因素。個人因素包含能力、休閒經驗、偏好、安全考量、心理需求、時間等；環境因素則包含家庭與學校的支持、同儕的互動關係、社區資源、數位媒體、居住地區、個人的文化背景、流行文化、社會態度、疫情等影響。 最後，研究者建議提供智障青少年多元的探索機會，同時增強其休閒技能與自我決策能力，透過正面回饋和適時指導，幫助他們學習安排生活和解決問題。建議未來研究可以瞭解不同背景與時間因素對智障者自我決策行為的影響，並將家長、教師、同儕納入探討對象。

Self-determination is an essential leisure skill, but researcher have found that adolescents with intellectual disabilities often exhibit limited self-determined behavior in leisure activities. This study explores the self-determination in leisure activities among adolescents with intellectual disabilities and the influencing factors. Using a case study approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with three adolescents aged 18 to 19 with intellectual disabilities and one of their important leisure supporter. The data were cross-verified with relevant documents and research notes and analyzed through a constant comparative method. A peer reviewer was invited to ensure objectivity in coding. The research findings are as follows:1. Self-determined Behavior in Leisure Activities of Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities In terms of volitional action, the three adolescents were able to choose leisure activities based on their preferences and set goals in activities they were interested in. They tended to select familiar, similarly skilled, or younger partners and often aligned with family plans when accompanied by family members. In terms of agentic action, their planning of leisure activities was relatively loose and spontaneous. Although they executed plans based on their goals, the process lacked checks and adjustments. They actively gathered related information but had limited and inflexible problem-solving strategies.Regarding action control beliefs, the adolescents understood their favorite leisure activities and were aware of their skills.2. Factors Influencing Self-determined Behavior in Leisure ActivitiesThe factors influencing self-determined behavior in leisure activities include personal and environmental factors. Personal factors consist of abilities, leisure experiences, preferences, safety considerations, psychological needs, and time. Environmental factors include family and school support, peer interactions, community resources, digital media, residential area, individual cultural background, popular culture, social attitudes, and the impact of the pandemic.Finally, based on the study's understanding, researcher suggest providing adolescents with intellectual disabilities with diverse exploration opportunities while enhancing their leisure skills and self-determination capabilities. Positive feedback and timely guidance can help them learn to organize their lives and solve problems. Future research is recommended to explore the impact of different backgrounds and time factors on the self-determined behavior of individuals with intellectual disabilities, and to include parents, teachers, and peers as subjects of investigation.