聆聽Podcast對職場新鮮人之心理健康的影響

Abstract

Podcast於歐美盛行已久，直至2020年才在臺灣大規模的流行，因此在台灣又被稱為「Podcast元年」。Podcast是一種類似廣播的新興媒體，與影片不同的地方在於使用者不需盯著螢幕，只需聆聽即可，對於學生、通勤族甚至是某些工作者，不能長時間觀看影片之使用者相當友善。此外，與傳統廣播不同的地方在於，Podcast不需依賴電台的節目時間表，也不需被廣播電台所播放的主題所侷限，可以依據自身時間、喜好去播放、暫停節目，甚至能夠將喜歡的節目加入至資料庫內，方便性及客製化的程度大大提升。因為Podcast具娛樂化之特性，能夠幫助使用者於不沈悶的氛圍中學習新的知識，因此被廣泛地納入教育工具之中，除此之外，Podcas聆聽動機與使用者的主觀幸福感以及生活品質皆呈現正相關；具有較高聆聽水準之Podcast使用者相比非Podcast使用者，其主觀幸福感與生活品質都高出許多。雖然相比中國與歐美國家，Podcast的聽眾規模小了許多，但諾內的內容產出量以及收聽量都呈現穩定的成長，因此可以看出Podcast於臺灣市場而言是一個成長中的媒體。本研究為了解聆聽Podcast對職場新鮮人心理健康的影響，具體研究目的包含探討Podcast所傳遞的資訊對職場新鮮人適應職場生活的效果、聆聽Podcast對職場新鮮人調適自身心理健康的影響以及探討Podcast的擬社會關係之特性對職場新鮮人的心理健康之間的關聯性。本研究採取問卷調查法，於與研究對象相關之Facebook社團以及個人社會網路發放網路問卷，並針對問卷結果進行資料整理與分析。本研究發現職場新鮮人於職場中的問題以人際關係為主，隨之會產生焦慮不安、自我懷疑等心理健康問題，亦會影響其生理健康發展，導致新鮮人有失眠、腸胃道疾病等問題產生。而失眠與焦慮兩者之間息息相關，因此可以看出心理與生理健康之間是有所關聯的。另外也發現，聆聽Podcast對於職場問題的幫助因人而異，社會文化、知識說書、職場類型對此問題都有幫助，而職場類型類型的節目對新鮮人而言幫助最大。而聆聽Podcast所產生的擬社會關係，對新鮮人改善情緒有所幫助，故有助於心理健康發展有正向的影響，但無法解決其心理健康問題。基於研究結果，建議未來研究者，可針對特定性別、特定行業別或學歷之工作者進行更深入的研究，不僅限於職場新鮮人的族群。另外，除了職場新鮮人的心理健康之外，生理健康的問題也必須重視，可針對某一生理健康問題之工作者進行後續健康資訊需求甚至是資訊行為等研究。

Podcast has been popular in Europe and United State for a long time, but it only became widely popular in Taiwan in 2020, which is why it is referred to as the"Year of Podcast" in Taiwan. Podcast is a new media similar to radio, with the key difference that users do not need to watch a screen but only need to listen, making it very user-friendly for students, commuters, and some workers who cannot watch videos for long periods. Additionally, unlike traditional radio, podcasts are not bound by a radio station's program schedule or the themes it plays. Users can play and pause episodes according to their time and preferences and even add their favoriteshows to a database, greatly enhancing convenience and customization.Because of the entertaining characteristic of podcasts, they help users to learn new knowledge in a toneless context, as a result, it was widely adopted as educational tools. Moreover, the motivation to listen to podcasts is positively correlated with users' subjective well-being and life quality. Podcast users with higher listening standards report significantly higher subjective well-being and life quality compared to non-podcast users. Although the audience size in Taiwan is much smaller than in China and Western countries, the content output and listening volume show stable growth, indicating that podcasts are a growing medium in the Taiwanese market. This study aims to understand the influence of podcast listening on the mental health of recent graduates in the workplace. The specific research objectives include exploring the influence of information acquisition by podcasts on recent graduates' adaptation to work life, the influence of podcast listening on their mental health adjustment, and the relevence between the parasocial relationships formed through podcasts and the mental health of recent graduates. This study employs a questionnaire survey method, distributing online questionnaires through relevant Facebook groups and personal social networks, followed by data organization and analysis. The study found that the main issues faced by recent graduates in the workplace are interpersonal relationships, leading to psychological health problems such as anxiety and self-doubt, which in turn affect their physical health, causing issues like insomnia and gastrointestinal diseases. The study shows a close connection between insomnia and anxiety, indicating a link between psychological and physical health. It also found that the usefulness of podcasts for addressing workplace issues varies from person to person. Social culture, knowledge storytelling, and workplace-related podcasts are helpful, with workplace-related podcasts being the most beneficial for recent graduates. The parasocial relationships formed through podcast listening help improve emotions and have a positive impact on psychological health, though they cannot resolve psychological health issues.Based on the research results, it is suggested that future researchers conduct more in-depth studies on specific genders, industries, or educational backgrounds, not limited to the demographic of recent graduates. Additionally, physical health issues should also be emphasized not only focus on psychological health, with subsequent research focusing on the health information needs and information behavior of workers facing specific physical health problems.