新冠肺炎疫情期間旅客的資訊焦慮與因應方式研究

Abstract

過去關於旅客的研究大部分都是關注出發動機跟旅行體驗，即使有關資訊行為的研究，也很少以個人的資訊焦慮為主題。加上新冠肺炎疫情的影響，世界各地的防疫措施及入境政策時有更新，使旅客在計劃旅行時的資訊需求面臨更大挑戰。本研究旨在探討新冠肺炎疫情期間，旅客計劃旅遊時的資訊焦慮與資訊焦慮因應方式。研究採用網路問卷蒐集資料，問卷發放日期為2023年5月15日至2023年6月15日，針對疫情期間曾經出國旅遊的旅客進行調查，以描述統計、因素分析、皮爾森相關係數、獨立樣本t檢定及單因子變異數分析等方法進行分析。研究共計回收212份有效問卷，結果發現：（1）旅客的資訊焦慮程度中等偏負向，分為三大類，最令旅客受困擾的依次為篩選資訊的焦慮（M=3.16）、尋求資訊的焦慮（M=2.92）、外在壓力的焦慮（M=2.40）；（2）旅客的資訊焦慮因應方式分為四大類，最常用的方式依次為：解決問題（M=3.78）、自我調適（M=3.63）、尋求幫助（M=3.12）、逃避延宕（M=2.88）；（3）六項個人背景變項在資訊焦慮主題上有顯著差異；（4）六項個人背景變項在資訊焦慮的因應方式上有顯著差異；（5）不同資訊焦慮主題的旅客，對於因應方式具有顯著差異。根據本研究發現，建議（1）提升高中/職或以下年輕旅客的資訊素養；（2）進一步提升政府相關部門和旅遊企業的資訊內容之可信性、有用性及可接觸性；（3）提升旅客應對資訊焦慮的能力，培養更積極正面的態度。Existing studies about travelers usually concern their purposes and experiences of traveling. Even the studies on information behavior rarely focus on individual information anxiety. However, information needs of travel planning became much more challenging to travelers during COVID-19 pandemic, as many countries kept changing epidemic prevention measures and immigration policies.This study aims to explore the information anxiety and information anxiety coping strategies of travelers when planning to travel during COVID-19 pandemic. Online survey was conducted from 15 May to 15 June, 2023, to collect data from travelers who traveled overseas during the pandemic. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, and one-way Anova were used for analysis. A total of 212 travelers participated in this study. Results show that (1) the level of travelers’ information anxiety was neutral to moderately negative. Three main topics of information anxiety were found, including anxiety of filtering information (M=3.16), which bothers the travelers most, anxiety of seeking information (M=2.92), and anxiety of external pressure (M=2.40). (2) Four coping strategies of information anxiety were found, including problem-solving (M=3.78), which was used by travelers most likely, self-regulation (M=3.63), help-seeking (M=3.12), and avoidance (M=2.88). (3) Six personal background variables were significantly different on the subject of information anxiety. (4) Six personal background variables were significantly different on the coping strategies of information anxiety. (5) Travelers with different information anxiety topics had significant differences in coping strategies.According to the study results, it was suggested that (1) Improving the information literacy of young travelers with high school/vocational education level or below. (2) Further enhancement on credibility, usefulness and accessibility of the information content of relevant government departments and tourism enterprises. (3) Improving travelers' ability to cope with information anxiety and cultivate a more positive attitude.