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文學院
國文學系
中國學術年刊
中國學術年刊
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http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/192
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search.filters.author.姜聲調
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search.filters.subject.Chuang Tzu
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《莊子》「建之以常無有,主之以太一」釋義
(
國文學系
,
1999-03-??
)
姜聲調
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《莊子.天下》篇,把老子思想學說總結為:「建之以常無有,主之以太一,以濡弱謙下為表,以空虛不毀萬物為實。」其中,前兩句是最能夠貫穿老子的宇宙本源,而用以這一些概念來描繪其宇宙之理論體系的。對此,學者的歧見,言人人殊,紛然相雜,從斷句、注釋到解析都各執一端。不過,若能揭示《老子》首章之旨,則《莊》述意義可豁然貫通。梁啟超開始做出「常無」、「常有」的解釋,大體上與「道」之體用為一體的觀念類似。梁啟超所謂「建之常無、常有之兩元,而實歸宿於一」的解析,以及許抗生所言「『常無有』與『太一』皆指的是老子的『道』」。然則,若「常無有」分讀成詞,恐未免偏離老子的原義,故蔣錫昌說:「若必欲字字而分別之,則將愈別愈晦矣。」可見,《老子》一書闡明「無」、「有」同出於「道」而異名,而其首章乃全書「眾妙之門」。因而其宇宙思想,應該還是繞著「無」、「有」體用的關係,實有必要敘述各項有關「道」之涵義。
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